In July Nature magazine had to look at the heavyweight highlights.

!--webeditor: "Page title"--Time is always fleeting, and in a flash July is coming to an end, and what highlights are nature magazines to study in the coming July? Small editor of the relevant articles have been organized, with you to learn! Photo credit: Nature Develop HIV drugs that only need to be administered twice a year! Doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2443-1 Scientists report that preliminary progress has been made in an AIDS drug that may be taken only a few times a year.
the experimental drug, called lenacapavir, can be injected once to lower levels of HIV in the blood of a small group of patients.
it is able to maintain effective levels of drugs in the blood for more than six months.
all this increases the likelihood that aids treatment will be available for treatment for AIDS only once a year. Dr. Martin Rhee, co-author of the
study, said oral combination therapy for HIV is generally effective at the moment, often referred to as "cocktail therapy." "But patients often say that taking pills every day can become a burden over time," said Rhee, who is a gilead science company.
Head of clinical research, the company is developing lenacapavir.
therefore, it is hoped that long-acting AIDS drugs will "make people no longer take drugs every day".
: New achievements! Scientists find new ways to keep extracellular proteins healthy! doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2461-z As the body ages, especially in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, proteins tend to be misfolded and progresse into harmful accumulations inside and outside the cell, where secretion proteins are in the regulator In a recent study published in the international journal Nature, scientists from the University of Tubingen and others revealed a molecular mechanism that blocks the formation of a build-up of secretion proteins outside the cells, and studies have shown that maintaining the shape of proteins in body fluids may be effective in helping to ward off aging and infections in the body.
the body uses proteins as the basic components of cells, but in enzyme susmosomes, for example, proteins are responsible for a variety of body metabolism processes, for example, the long chain amino acids that make up proteins must be folded into the correct three-dimensional shape;
: The neurotransmitters produced by the intestinal flora or the perceived behavior of the host body doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2395-5 Recently published in the international journal Nature, "A neurotransmitter by the gut bacteria climate ssensory" scientists from the University of Brandis and other institutions have revealed the neurotransmitter strains produced by the intestinal system.
animals coexist with complex biomes, including microorganisms, that are symbiotic, pathogenic, and mutually beneficial, and that some bacteria are able to produce biologically active neurotransmitters that were previously thought to regulate the nervous system activity and behavior of their hosts, but researchers are largely unaware of the molecular mechanisms behind this microbial-brain signal and their physiological correlations.
the study, researchers studied the suing-like hidden nematode, a life-high Proston bacteria in its gut that produce the neuromodulation substance tyrosamine, which bypasses the requirements of host tyamine biosynthesis and manipulates the host's sensory decisions, which can be converted by the host tyamine beta-hydroxylase into octopamine, which can target the OCTR-1 receptors on the neurons that act on the effects of THE ACH. In this study, researchers identified the genes needed for the biosynthesis of the Providence bacteria tyracous bacteria, which are necessary to regulate the behavior of the host body, and found that the beautiful hidden nematodes, which are designed by providing the Genus bacteria, prioritize the selection of these bacteria in food selection tests, which requires the bacteria to produce tyalsomine and the amine signaling pathways in the host body.
4. Nature heavyweight! Scientists get new results in the field of male infertility! doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2557-5 Recently, scientists from the University of Edinburgh and other institutions have revealed in depth the protection of sperm cells in the development of growing embryos in a study published in the international journal Nature. A special process of protection from injury may help clarify how genetic information is passed down from generation to generation; in the article, researchers identify a special protein called SPOCD1 that plays a key role in protecting early sperm precursor cells (germ cells) from damage.
during development, sperm cells undergo a reprogramming process that makes them vulnerable to "rogue" genes called jump genes that can damage the DNA of sperm cells and lead to male infertility;
5: Nature's big breakthrough! Create a complete sequence of human X chromosomes! researchers at the National Human Genome Institute (NHGRI), part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), created the first end-to-end DNA sequence of the first human chromosome, !--/ewebeditor.!--webeditor:page title"--doi: 10.1038/nature03440 National Human Genome Institute (NHGRI)
recent research published in the journal Nature suggests that it is now possible to accurately produce base sequences of human chromosomes, which will allow researchers to produce complete sequences of the human genome.
"This achievement ushers in a new era of genomics research," said Eric Green, M.D., director of the National Genomics Institute.
" ability to produce truly complete sequences of chromosomes and genomes is a technological feat that will help us gain a comprehensive understanding of genomic function and provide information for the use of genomic information in health care.
" after nearly two decades of improvement, the human genome reference sequence is by far the most accurate and complete vertebrate genome sequence.
however, there are still hundreds of unknown blank or missing DNA sequences.
these gaps often contain duplicate DNA fragments, which are very difficult to sequence.
however, these fragments include genes and other functional elements that may be associated with human health and disease.
because the human genome is so long, consisting of about 6 billion bases, DNA sequencers cannot read all of the bases at once.
instead, the researchers cut the genome into smaller pieces and then analyzed each fragment, producing a sequence of hundreds of bases at a time.
these shorter DNA sequences must be reassembled.
Image Source: Nature, 2020, doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2497-0.
6: Major progress! In a new study, researchers from the University of Toronto in Canada found an enzyme called RNA polymerase (Pol) II that promotes the production of all the protein molecules in the ribosome composition unit (building block), in which ribosome synthase genes are a machine that makes all the protein molecules in the genene scorpion composition unit (building block), which promotes ribosome genetics, which promotes the synthesis of ribosomes.
related findings were published online July 15, 2020 in the journal Nature, with the title "Nucleolar RNAase II drives ribosome biogenesis".
discovery reveals a previously unknown function of the enzyme, which produces ribosomes in human cells--- nucleosomes ---, which have never been seen before.
Pol II is one of three RNA polymerases that together allow cells to transfer genetic information from DNA to RNA and then to proteins. "Our study redefines the division of three major RNA polymerases: the identification of Pol II as a major factor in controlling the structure of nucleosomes that control protein synthesis," said Karim Mekhail, a researcher at
.
this also provides a tool for other scientists to more accurately explore the function of certain nucleic acid structures throughout the genome.
": Microbes regulate the intercom neurons through the intestinal-brain circuit doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2474-7 the connection between the gut tissue and the brain monitors the intestinal tissue and its microbes and diet, regulating the physiological functions of the intestine, such as nutrient absorption and rhythm, and feeding behavior linked to the brain.
therefore, there may be a circuit that detects gut microbes and transmits information to the central nervous system region, which in turn regulates the physiological mechanisms of the intestines.
researchers from Rockefeller University and other units recently wrote in Nature that they described the effects of the microbiome on intestinal-related neurons by combining transcription groups, circular tracking methods, and functional operations, and that the researchers found that the intestinal microbiome regulates intestinal intercom neurons: the absence of the microbiome leads to an increase in the expression of neuron transcription factor cFos, and the production of short-chain fatty acids is fixed in sterile mice to inhibit the expression of intestinal intercom.co.uk.
a major breakthrough in Nature! The most powerful robot chemist in history! 172 hours in 8 days! Doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2442-2 Researchers at Liverpool University have built a intelligent mobile robot scientist who can work 24-7 hours and conduct experiments on its own.
this is the first robot scientist of its kind, which can decide for itself what to do next, and has discovered a new catalyst.
it has a similar size to a human, works in a standard laboratory, and can use the same instrument as human researchers.
However, unlike humans, the 400-kilogram robot has unlimited patience, can think in 10-dimensional space, work 21.5 hours a day, and only need to stop while charging.
According to Nature magazine, this new technology could solve problems that are beyond our capabilities.
, for example, autonomous robots can search vast, undeveloped chemical spaces to find clean energy production materials or new drug formulations.
: The pandemic of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies that effectively neutralise and protects the human body: 10.1038/s41586-020-2548-6COVID-19 is a major threat to global health, especially in areas where medical responses are limited.
in addition, we currently lack in-depth understanding of the mechanisms of body fluid immunity.
researchers from Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Washington University School of Medicine recently found a number of human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that are effectively neutralizing and completely blocking the interaction of S protein receptor binding regions (SRBDs) with human ACE2 receptors, published in the journal "Potd lying and anti-body-and-body-and-sars."
!--/ewebeditor:!--webeditor:page title" - Researchers say competing binding, structure, and functional studies allow for monoclonal antibody clustering to identify different epitopes on SRBD and different conformation albethotypes of the S protein tripolymer.
researchers found that these neutral izedufisac coV2-2196 and COV2-2130 can effectively identify non-overlapping sites, while binding to S proteins, coordinated and true SARS-CoV-2 viruses.
: Simple DNA distortions determine the fate of the placenta: 10.1038/s41586-020-2500-97, Yale University researchers report in Nature, that the development of the mammalian placenta relies on an unusual distortion that separates the classic double helix structure of DNA into a single chain.
Yale University team also found a molecular regulatory factor that acts on this single chain to accelerate or stop the development of the placenta, a finding that is significant not only for pregnancy diseases but also for understanding how tumor cells multiply.
"The placental tissue grows very fast, stimulates blood vessel formation, and invades neighboring tissue, just like tumors," said researcher An.