Intermittent cut-off: The "shortcut" to restart glucose | metabolism? Nutrition & Metabolism

Title: Interannation of a fasting-mimicking diets in diabetes progression, restores β cells and reconstructs gut microbiota in mice
Journal:
Siying Wei, Ruo Hanmei, Jingyu Zhao, Shuo Wang, Meiqin Huang, Yining Wang and Yan Chen
Published: 2018/11/20
Digital Identification Number: 10.1186/s12986-018-0318-3
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For a long time, it has been widely believed that controlled intake helps to extend life and improve metabolism. For more than 50 years, rodent experiments have shown that reducing calorie intake can extend life. Similar findings were made in primates -- monkeys in the calorie intake control group were healthier than those in the experimental control group. Half a century on, the global incidence of noncommunicable diseases such as diabetes, obesity and metabolic syndrome is increasing. We know exactly what's good for our health - eating fewer calories, or eating less. But the key, and the trickiest, question is how to eat less.
in the process of exploring "how to eat less", the concept of "broken food" caught our attention. Chemically speaking, metabolic diseases are now prevalent because our metabolic systems are unable to adapt to the excess fine carbon water, high-fat, high-sugar foods of the post-agricultural era. Instead, they are more accustomed to intermittent intermittent eating. In hunter-gatherer times, our ancestors might have been hungry for days before they caught a large animal for a full meal. In theory, the human metabolic system is likely to adapt to the cycle of cut-off-full meals.a recent
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explored the effects of intermittently simulated diet patterns (fasting-mimicking diets - FMD) on model mice with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. The interventions in the study were: 7 days of cut-off (1/3 of the standard daily calorie intake) followed by a normal diet for 7 days, with a total intervention length of 8 weeks. The type 1 diabetes model mice in the study were destroyed by their drugs before the intervention began β cells, and the type 2 diabetes model mice lacked the key hormone (leptin) to regulate eating, so that the mice could not feel fullness and continued eating led to severe obesity and diabetes. The results showed that the blood sugar levels of two diabetic mice decreased, sugar tolerance improved and insulin sensitivity increased. Even more gratifying was the significant increase in the number of islet cells in diabetic mice treated β "cut-off".
"When we saw an increase in the number of islet cells β diabetic mice, we couldn't believe it!" Professor Chen said. I often hear people talk about how effective eating is at losing weight - I take it for granted that because you lose calories, you naturally lose weight. And after intermittent dieting mice did not have a particularly significant weight loss, these diagrams (fluorescent staining results) I saw the evidence for the first time, so I believe that "light cut-off" can really improve metabolism! Cut-off is effective because it contributes to biological changes in the body. "Diabetic mice had destroyed islet β cells at the beginning of the intervention, but after the break-up they somehow regenerated functional islet cells that β insulin. The results suggest that intermittent break-ups may reset the body's glucose metabolism.
if you search the Internet for "broken food", you will get a variety of terms: intermittent cut-off, long-term cut-off, all-day cut-off, water-only cut-off, cut-off diet... This means that everyone is looking for practical and sustainable ways to cut off food. The ultimate goal of the researchers is to find a way to cut off food that is suitable for humans. From this point of view, easy persistence is an important point to ensure that the way of breaking food is more feasible. In the current study, Professor Chen's team followed a 7-day, 7-day intake of 1/3 of the calories for 7 days of normal eating patterns. If the cut-off time is changed to 2 or 5 days, does the effect of the cut-off cycle on glucose metabolism remain the same? Professor Chen's team has now carried out further research to try to answer these questions. They will also continue to explore whether intermittent break-ups can help improve tumors or autoimmune diseases.
the same time, Professor Chen is cautiously optimistic about extending the results of the cut-off study to humans. "When we observed an increase in β number of cells in the (mice), I started trying this cut-off intervention on myself." "I used the same way as I did in my research," he says. "After about three months of doing his own experiment in mice, Professor Chen managed to lose 5 kilograms and get rid of fat-lowering drugs. Although the cut-off had a significant effect on him, he was cautious about interpreting the "unseated case".
still have a lot of questions to explore: What is the best cut-off option? Is it feasible to consume only 1/3 of the standard calories per day in the long run? For the general population and people with chronic diseases, whether it is safe to cut off food..."
Summary:
fasting and especially especially fasting have been shown to be an effective intervention in many diseases, such as as obesity and diabetes. The fasting-mimicking diet (FMD) has recently been found to ameliorate metabolic disorders. To investigate the effect of a new type of low-protein low-carbohydrate FMD on diabetes, we tested an FMD in db/db mice, a genetic model of type 2 diabetes. The diet was administered every other week for a total of 8 weeks. The intermittent FMD normalized blood glucose levels in db/db mice, with significant improvements in insulin sensitivity and β cell function. The FMD also reduced hepatic steatosis in the mice. Deterioration of pancreatic islets and the loss of β cells in the diabetic mice were prevented by the FMD. The expression of β cell progenitor marker Ngn3 was increased by the FMD. In addition, the FMD led to the reconstruction of gut microbiota. Intermittent application of the FMD increased the genera of Parabacteroides and Blautia while reducingPrevotellaceae, Alistipes and Ruminococcaceae. The changes in these bacteria were also correlated with the fasting blood glucose levels of the mice. Furthermore, intermittent FMD was able to reduce fasting blood glucose level and increase β cells in STZ-induced type 1 diabetic mouse model. In conclusion, our study provides evidence that the intermittent application of an FMD is able to effectively intervene in the progression of diabetes in mice.
journal:publishes studies with a clear focus on nutrition and metabolism with applications ranging from nutrition needs, exercise physiology, clinical and population studies, as well as the underlying mechanisms in these aspects.
The areas of interest for
encompass studies in molecular nutrition in the context of obesity, diabetes, lipedemias, metabolic syndrome and exercise physiology. Manuscripts related to molecular, cellular and human metabolism, nutrient sensing and nutrient–gene interactions are also in interest, as are submissions that have employed new and innovative strategies like metabolomics/lipidomics or other omic-based biomarkers to predict nutritional status and metabolic diseases.
(Source: Science.com)