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On December 31, 2021, the research group of Chen Yan, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, published the research results online entitled Intermittent protein restriction protects islet beta cells and improves glucose homeostasis in diabetic mice on Science Bulletin
.
The study found that intermittent protein restriction protected pancreatic beta cells and improved blood glucose homeostasis in diabetic mice
.
Diabetes, especially type 2 diabetes, has become one of the health challenges facing mankind
.
Type 2 diabetes is caused by an unhealthy life>
.
A study exploring the effects of three macronutrient ratios (i.
e.
protein, fat and carbohydrate) on the health of mice found that reducing protein intake is critical for improving metabolic health and longevity
.
Multiple studies have found that reducing protein intake is an important factor in extending lifespan and improving metabolic health, and others have shown that limiting certain key amino acids such as methionine or leucine can also improve glucose homeostasis
.
In addition to protein- or amino-acid-restricted dietary strategies, fasting or caloric restriction is considered an effective means of extending lifespan and improving metabolic health
.
In recent years, many caloric restriction modalities, such as intermittent dieting and time-restricted diets, have been used to improve metabolic diseases, including diabetes
.
Some studies have shown that intermittent fasting can effectively control blood glucose homeostasis in type 1 and type 2 diabetic mice, and some studies have revealed that intermittent fasting controls blood glucose homeostasis by promoting the regeneration of pancreatic β cells in diabetic mice
.
Although continuous protein or amino acid restriction and intermittent dieting have been shown to improve diabetes, no studies have examined whether intermittent protein restriction is sufficient to intervene in diabetes
.
The study explored an intermittent protein restriction (IPR) diet and found that IPR rapidly alleviated hyperglycemia in STZ-induced type 1 diabetic mice as well as leptin receptor deficiency-induced type 2 diabetic mice
.
Further studies on mouse pancreatic islets found that IPR can increase the number of pancreatic beta cells, promote beta cell proliferation, and improve beta cell function
.
In peripheral tissues, IPR reduces hepatic gluconeogenesis and increases insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle
.
Compared with a persistent low-protein diet, IPR was associated with less hepatic fat accumulation and damage in diabetic mice
.
In addition, single-cell sequencing analysis of mouse pancreatic islets found that IPR could reverse the diabetes-induced reduction in the number of islet beta cells and the infiltration of islet immune cells
.
Since IPR can effectively control blood sugar and protect islet beta cells, it may be more acceptable than fasting or calorie restriction, and avoid the adverse effects of persistent protein restriction.
Therefore, IPR has great application and transformation potential in the future.
.
The research work was funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology, the National Natural Science Foundation of China, etc.
, and was supported by the public technology platform and animal platform of the Institute of Nutrition and Health
.
Intermittent protein restriction protects islet beta cells and improves glucose homeostasis in diabetic mice Source: Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences