Interpretation of the national innovation index report 2012: why the innovation capacity leaps beyond the norm

Source: national innovation index report 2012 issued by China Academy of science and technology development strategy on September 26, 2013, science and technology daily, constructs a "digital measurement" model for monitoring the process of innovative countries, so as to better guide the construction of innovative countries Encouragingly, the report shows that, similar to the four countries of the United States, Japan, South Korea and Israel, during the 11th Five Year Plan period, China's national innovation capacity was on an upward track of "unconventional" leap "Secret" of cultivating innovation ability: enhance R & D investment intensity "in 2011, China's per capita GDP exceeded 6000 US dollars Compared with other countries at the same level of per capita GDP, China's "national innovation composite index" is significantly better " Liu Shumei, coordinator of the report subject and director of the evaluation and Statistics Division of the development planning department of the Ministry of science and technology, told Science and technology daily in an interview, especially with regard to the chart of "per capita GDP and national innovation index of various countries" in the report "Data statistics show that there is a linear positive correlation between innovation index and per capita GDP, that is, per capita GDP The higher the country, the higher the innovation index Most countries are on a regular development path, with only the United States, Japan, South Korea, Israel and China on top " When the reporter inquired about the reasons behind the "unconventional" leap of national innovation, Liu Shumei pointed out the "ratio of R & D expenditure to GDP" index in the report "From 2005 to 2011, the R & D investment intensity (R & D / GDP) in China increased from 1.32% to 1.84% According to preliminary estimates, the R & D investment intensity in 2012 has reached 1.97% At present, this proportion is the highest in developing countries " She pointed out that the intensity of R & D investment is one of the most critical factors in determining national innovation capacity and building an innovative country "The characteristic of a country whose scientific and technological innovation capability has been enhanced beyond the norm is that the government attaches great importance to R & D investment and has formulated a series of policies to encourage enterprises to invest in R & D." According to the outline of the national medium and long term plan for science and technology development, China is expected to build an innovative country by 2020 In 2010, the 12th Five Year Plan for science and technology development of the people's Republic of China clearly stated that one of the overall goals of the 12th Five Year Plan for science and technology development is "the world ranking of national comprehensive innovation capacity has risen from the 21st to the 18th place" In order to monitor and evaluate the construction process of an innovative country, at the initiative of the Department of development planning of the Ministry of science and technology, China Academy of science and technology development strategy has started the research on the subject of national innovation index since 2006 and prepared a report to provide a scientific basis for the determination of this goal By this year, the annual report of the national innovation index has been issued three times in a row In the past three years, the research group has strived to make the report an important reference tool for evaluating national innovation ability and scientific and technological management In order to make the report more internationally comparable and authoritative, the research group has referred to the evaluation methods of international authoritative institutions such as the world economic forum and the International Management Development Institute of Lausanne, Switzerland, and finally established five first-class indicators, including innovation resources, knowledge creation, enterprise innovation, innovation performance and innovation environment, and the ratio of R & D funds to GDP Evaluation and calculation system of two-level indicators In order to make the report more readable, the research group also drew various visualization charts for a large number of innovative indicators based on statistical data "Based on the statistical survey data of the world bank, the organization for economic cooperation and development, the National Science Foundation of the United States and the National Bureau of statistics, the research team calculated and compared the innovation indicators of 40 countries whose R & D investment accounted for more than 98% of the world's total." Liu Shumei said "Among all indicators, the intensity of national R & D investment is a comprehensive indicator, which represents a country's emphasis on scientific and technological innovation Sustained growth of scientific and technological investment is the key to stabilizing the scientific research team and the core element to ensure the continuous enhancement of national innovation capacity." Liu Shumei further explained that from the history and experience of developed countries, to improve a country's innovation ability, it needs to gradually increase the proportion of R & D funds in GDP of the whole society over a long period of time According to statistics, nearly 20 countries with advanced science and technology, such as the United States, Japan, Germany and France, are all over 2% Increase of knowledge creation ability: consolidate the original innovation foundation by "100%", China reached 73.4 in 2011, ranking 20th among the 40 countries with strong scientific and technological strength in the world From the main indicators, in 2011, China's total R & D funds ranked third in the world, the total number of R & D personnel ranked first in the world, and the export of high-tech industrial products ranked first in the world In particular, the national capacity of knowledge creation and output has been significantly improved, which has become a highlight of China's scientific and technological work during the 11th Five Year Plan period The "knowledge creation" index mentioned in the report reflects the output capacity of scientific research and the overall strength of science and technology In the past six years, China's average annual growth rate has reached 17% Among them, the number of SCI papers in China increased by 14.3% annually, ranking first in the world In 2011, the number of papers included in SCI database in China reached 147000, ranking second only to the United States in the world; the number of applications for invention patents in China reached 526000, accounting for 27.6% of the world's total, ranking first in the world for the first time; the number of annual authorization for invention patents in China exceeded the United States for the first time, ranking second in the world only after Japan "Since the 11th five year plan, not only has the total amount of papers and patents reached a big step, but also the index reflecting the quality of knowledge output, such as the number of citations for papers, has been greatly improved." Liu Shumei said that compared with developed countries, our scientific research foundation is "weak", but in recent years, our knowledge creation and output capacity has been significantly enhanced Knowledge accumulation has become a solid foundation for the improvement of our country's original innovation capacity and one of the fundamental guarantees for the healthy development of our economy In this regard, song Weiguo, the general author of the report and the deputy director of the Institute of science and technology statistics and analysis of the Chinese Academy of science and technology development strategy, holds the same view As we all know, since 2008, the U.S economy has been in a continuous downturn and weak recovery; the debt crisis of European Union countries has been one after another, making the world economic development "worse" However, during the 11th Five Year Plan period, China's economic operation was not only not affected by the external environment, but also played an important role in the process of global economic stabilization and recovery "It is the long-term independent innovation and innovative national development strategy that China has implemented The investment in science and technology continues to increase, bringing together a large number of scientific research talents, constantly improving China's major original innovation ability, and becoming the 'endogenous power' to ensure the stable growth of China's economy." Song Weiguo said He said that the tilt of national financial expenditure to scientific research and the continuous guidance of social innovation resources to scientific research play a crucial role in the sustainable and healthy development of China's economy According to statistics, from 2005 to 2011, China's total R & D expenditure tripled, from 29.9 billion US dollars to 134.4 billion US dollars, ranking third in the world Not only that, during this period, China's innovative human resources have increased significantly, and the gross enrollment rate of higher education has steadily increased from 19.2% to 26.5% More young scientists and engineers are engaged in scientific research, and the number of R & D personnel per 10000 population has rapidly increased from 10.4 to 21.4 Enterprise innovation: the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that innovation driven strategy should be implemented Among them, it is clearly proposed to "focus on building a technological innovation system with enterprises as the main body, market as the guide, and the combination of production, learning and research" It has been proved that the level of enterprise innovation is the "yardstick" to measure the national innovation ability Between 2000 and 2011, the United States, Switzerland, Japan, Israel, Sweden, Germany and Finland ranked among the top 10 countries in terms of corporate innovation capacity, the report said Among them, the United States, the No 1 technological power, has always ranked first in the world in terms of enterprise innovation capability "At present, it is a critical period for China's national innovation capacity to move forward to the" middle and upper reaches "of the world, as well as a crucial period for the construction of an innovative country As the main body of innovation, the scale and quality of enterprise innovation, to a large extent, represents the innovation ability and level of a country " Liu Shumei is quite touched Fortunately, from 2005 to 2011, the annual growth rate of China's enterprise innovation sub index reached 10% The proportion of R & D funds in industrial added value increased by nearly 0.5% Moreover, the patent output of Chinese enterprises has increased significantly, and the number of three-way patent applications per 10000 enterprise researchers has reached 12, compared with only 4.5 in 2005 In fact, since the 11th five year plan, the Ministry of science and technology has approved the construction of 99 State Key Laboratories of enterprises, involving materials, minerals, energy, medicine, information, manufacturing, agriculture, transportation and other disciplines, cover all kinds of enterprises including central enterprises, local state-owned and private enterprises "We have found that more and more domestic enterprises have started to carry out R & D activities spontaneously, and a large number of enterprises have set up R & D centers." During the interview, Liu Shumei introduced the characteristics and changing trend of R & D activities of Chinese enterprises to reporters She said that the R & D level of many enterprises above Designated Size in China is accelerating A large number of R & D activities of enterprises are no longer limited to the experimental development stage, but have gradually expanded to application research and basic research In addition, it is worth mentioning that during the 11th Five Year Plan period, the upgrading of innovation ability of Chinese enterprises directly promoted industrial upgrading and structural adjustment The report shows that from 2005 to 2011, the added value of China's high-tech industry has increased by 1.5 times, and the growth rate of the total added value of knowledge service industry is higher than the average annual growth rate of GDP The added value of high-tech manufacturing industry and knowledge-based service industry increased by 1 percentage point compared with 19.9% of GDP in 2005 "In general, structural indicators such as' GDP output per unit energy consumption 'are not growing very fast," Liu said, which shows that there is still a lot of room for China's industrial restructuring and transformation of economic development mode during the 12th Five Year Plan period, and the role of high-tech and knowledge intensive enterprises needs to be further played.