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In recent years, tumor-targeted microorganisms have become tumor-specific drug delivery vectors or therapeutic agents, such as Bacillus, anaerobic bacteria, lysovirus and so on.
bacteria can selectively be planted in tumor tissue due to low oxygen, immunosuppression and unique bio-bio-micro-environments in solid tumors.
it is understood that certain types of bacteria can be delivered to the tumor by near-infrared (NIR) absorbents for photothermal ablation.
, however, light therapy or photoimmune therapy using bacteria alone is not currently possible without adding other therapeutic agents or nanoparticles.
August 14th, a study published in Science Advances broke through the bottleneck and proposed a photoimmune therapy that uses bacteria entirely.
A team of researchers from Suzhou University found that the detoxifying salmonella, which, after intravenous injection, proliferates in various types of solid tumors, causing inflammation that triggers thrombosis in infected tumors by destroying the blood vessels of the tumor, thus helping the tumor to effectively ablation.
, bacterial-triggered photothermal therapy can induce an effective anti-tumor immune response.
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba3546 Specifically, the researchers first determined the distribution of detoxifying salmonella in mice.
found that 72 hours after the injection, the bacteria had gradually been removed from major organs such as the heart, liver, spleen, kidneys and lungs.
contrast, the units of formation (CFU) in tumors increase exponentially over time.
, the researchers tracked the bacteria's long-term behavior in normal organs in mice and found that after 30 days, few bacterial infections were found in mouse organs.
next step, researchers need to determine the safety of the detoxifying salmonella.
results from a blood test showed that acute inflammation caused by the detoxifying salmonella was toned in mice and could recover within a week without chronic toxicity.
results from bacterial implantation in mice with post-intravenous hormone tumors and healthy mice showed that the detoxifying salmonella was specifically stored in tumors after injection at a test dose.
the safety, the researchers went on to examine the effects of detoxifying salmonella on tumors.
found that significant vascular dissolution and thrombosis were observed in tumor slices in mice injected with bacteria.
addition, after the injection of bacteria, the hemoglobin content of the tumor site increased significantly.
results suggest that the implantation of the detoxifying salmonella in the tumor can trigger tumor-specific thrombosis by destroying the tumor's blood vessels.
and this effect leads to strong tumor-specific near-infrared absorption, which results in effective photothermal ablation of tumors.
the last tumor photothermal ablation triggered by bacteria, the researchers examined the immune response of bacteria-triggered photothermal therapy to ablation of tumors in mice.
they found that these bacteria act as immune stimulators, enhancing a systemic anti-tumor immune response triggered by tumor-related antigens produced by photothermal therapy to ablation of tumors.
bacteria-induced photothermal immunotherapy In addition, with the help of anti-CTLA-4 checkpoint blocking therapy, bacterial-based photothermal therapy can effectively inhibit the growth of distant tumors and spontaneous tumor metastasis, while providing long-term immune memory effects, thereby protecting mice from re-caused tumors.
researchers stress that these effects of typhoid salmonella in detoxifying mice will make it a promising biologic agent in cancer co-treatment.
even more exciting is that salmonella has been clinically tested, making this bacteria-based treatment easy to convert clinically.
reference: sciadv.aba3546.