Investigation and Analysis on the economic benefits of beef cattle breeding and Discussion on the appropriate scale of beef cattle breeding

Abstract: according to the survey of 30 households, the average number of cattle households is 7.73, the average annual income is 2063 yuan, the average net income of one cow is 267 yuan, and the average return on investment is 34.32% The annual income increases with the increase of scale, and the return on investment decreases with the increase of scale In the early stage of beef cattle breeding, 5-6 head is suitable Key words: beef cattle breeding economic benefits moderate scale with the construction of the Three Gorges project, the new natural ecological area of the Three Gorges Reservoir area began to form In view of the natural conditions, the advantages of grass mountains and slopes, and the economic conditions of the society, grass industry and herbivorous animal husbandry have become a new topic of economic growth in the Three Gorges Reservoir area For this reason, the Ministry of science and technology of the people's Republic of China has carried out the research and demonstration of key technologies in the construction of ecological economic system of grass industry and animal husbandry in the Three Gorges Reservoir area A beef cattle breeding demonstration park has been established in baoluan town of Fengdu County as the key technology research and demonstration base for grass industry and beef cattle breeding Through more than two years of work, the beef cattle breeding demonstration park has been initially completed In order to grasp the actual situation of the economic benefits of cattle farming and find out the problems existing in beef cattle farming as early as possible, a special investigation was carried out on the input and income of beef cattle farming of the farmers in the demonstration park by the method of field investigation and data analysis, and the appropriate scale of cattle farming was discussed in order to provide practical basis for the sustainable development of beef cattle industry 1 Materials and methods 1.1 natural conditions and construction of beef cattle breeding demonstration park located in baoluan town of Fengdu County on the South Bank of the Yangtze River, the tail of 135m water level in the Three Gorges Reservoir area, 13km away from the new County, covering an area of 184.3 K ㎡, covering 18 villages, 100 communities, 9562 households and 29635 people, including 27896 agricultural population; 2643ha cultivated land, including 639.5ha farmland and 137.6ha soil; 8266ha forest area and 54% forest coverage; the altitude is 340-1240m High temperature and humidity in summer, low temperature and humidity in winter The geographical environment, climatic environment and the way of raising beef cattle are representative in the Three Gorges Reservoir area The beef cattle breeding demonstration park is mainly located in feixiandong and tingziya villages of baoluan Town, with a total of 11 communities, 969 households, 3197 people The cultivated land area is 299ha, per capita cultivated land is 0.095ha, arable land, Caoshan, Caopo area is 1013.3ha In May 2004, there were 456 cattle households, accounting for 47% of the total number of households There were 2602 cattle in stock, and 5.7 cattle households Among them, 1632 can be bred by listing, 296 local calves, 546 hybrid calves, 128 buffalo and yellow bull From May 2003 to May 2004, 377 local calves, bulls and buffaloes were sold The scale of cattle raising in the park varies, with 5-6 farmers in the majority There are 57 households that raise more than 10 cattle, and a 200 head scale fattening farm has been launched 1.2 investigation methods and contents: from March 2004 to May 2004, data were collected in baoluan animal husbandry and veterinary station of Fengdu County, and 30 cattle farmers were sampled and investigated in the park The survey was conducted from May 2003 to May 2004 The content of the survey is the number of cattle in stock, breed, age, beef cattle breeding, survival of young animals, sale, investment, income, etc Statistical analysis of the survey data 2 Results and analysis 2.1 the structure and changes of the cattle herd were divided into 5 groups according to 3-4 heads, 5-6 heads, 7-8 heads, 9-10 heads and above 11 heads, and the scale was subject to the number of cattle in the stock in May 2003 The structure and changes of the herd from May 2003 to May 2004 are shown in Table 1 It can be seen from table 1 that the rate of beef cattle coming out of the market of different scale farmers is quite different, with a range of 11.5-33%, with 7-8 of the lowest scale The mortality varied from 2.6% to 7.6% The mortality increased with the increase of culture scale Table 1 Structure and changes of cattle group table 2.2 annual income of different beef cattle breeding scale will be converted to market price in May 2003: 1200 yuan / head for adult cattle and 800 yuan / head for calves The grass and crop straw planted by farmers are not included in the feed cost, as shown in Table 2 Table 2 annual income and Yuan (omitted) of different beef cattle breeding scale from table 2, it can be seen that the average annual income of farmers with different breeding scale is quite different, with an average annual income of 2063 yuan The average annual income of households increases with the increase of breeding scale But there is a turning point in the scale of 7-8 2.3 comparison of economic benefits of beef cattle in different villages and communities the beef cattle demonstration park is mainly composed of feixiandong village and tingziya village There are some differences in feeding management and scale between the two villages The economic benefits of cattle raising in feixiandong and tingziya villages are compared, as shown in Table 3 Table 3 Comparison of economic benefits of cattle raising in different villages (yuan, individual, head,%) From table 3, it can be seen that the average net income and investment return of each cattle in tingziya village are higher than that in feixiandong village, so the economic benefits of cattle raising in tingziya village are better than that in feixiandong village It is found from table 2 that the annual income of 7-8 enterprises is even lower than that of 3-4 enterprises According to the investigation and analysis, the survey data of 7-8 heads are all from feixiandong village This also shows the difference of beef cattle breeding between villages and communities 2.4 see Table 4 for the correlation between the number of household labor force, the educational level of the head of household and the economic benefits, and the educational level of the head of household and the economic benefits of cattle raising Table 4 From the above table, it can be seen that the number of labor force is in direct proportion to the annual income The number of farmers with an annual income of 2000 yuan is the most, and they also have the most labor force The heads of households with a cultural background above junior high school are almost in this group 2.5 investment return rate of different scale of aquaculture see Table 5: Table 5 investment return rate of different scale unit: head, yuan,% (omitted) It can be seen from table 5 that the highest return on investment is 46.9% for the 3-4 companies, 43.7% for the 5-6 companies, 33.3% for the 9-10 companies and 24.4% for the 7-8 companies, 28.9% for the above 11 companies The overall average return on investment is 34.32% 2.6 discussion on the moderate scale of beef cattle breeding from the above investigation and analysis results, it can be seen that the average annual income of households increases with the increase of scale to a certain extent, and the change trend is: more than 11 heads ＞ 9-10 heads ＞ 5-6 heads ＞ 3-4 ＞ 7-8 heads But the average net profit and return on investment of each cow is: 3-4 heads of scale > 5-6 heads > 9-10 heads > 11 heads > 7-8 heads or more Considering the factors such as the average annual income and return on investment, labor resources and farmers' education level, it is suggested that under the current natural and social economic conditions of feixiandong and tingziya villages, the beef cattle breeding scale should be 5-6 3 Discussion and summary: 3.1 discussion 3.1.1 the introduction price is on the high side: in the early stage of the garden, the purchase price of cows of the same variety and size is very different from that of different farmers Many farmers lack the selection skills for beef cattle individuals, and the purchase price is generally on the high side, some of which are even twice the normal price A few experienced farmers have a lower purchase price, and the selected cattle are better The higher price of the introduced population affects the economic benefits of beef cattle breeding 3.1.2 the feeding level affects the economic benefits of beef cattle breeding: the lack of green feed in winter and spring, the phenomenon of "summer full, autumn fat, winter thin, spring death" exists, which seriously affects the beef cattle body condition Many cows are difficult to conceive because of their poor health Even if they give birth to calves, they often die young It is difficult for farmers to use silage technology, straw ammoniation and fermentation technology, urea instead of protein feed Therefore, if the feed quality and nutrition can not be effectively improved, the nutrition of beef cattle is not enough The growth is slow or can only be maintained The growth period is long, the meat quality is poor, the labor volume is large, and the economy is not cost-effective 3.1.3 unreasonable feeding period: beef cattle grow rapidly and gain weight quickly before 1 year old The growth slows down after one year old, and the weight gain slows down after two years old The calves should be weaned at the age of 4-6 months, grazed mainly in summer and autumn, and fed properly It is generally believed that when the calf is 1.5 years old and weighs about 200kg, it is suitable to be put on the market After 3-4 months of intensive fattening and weighing 300-350kg, shelf cattle are the source of high-grade beef But at present, the sale time of beef cattle in the park is mostly about 10 months old, which is sold in the form of shelf cattle, with light weight and low price 3.1.4 reproductive survival rate and economic benefits: according to the survey, the reproductive survival rate of beef cattle in the park is 51.6%, and the mortality rate of calves is 11.2%, which is also the reason for the low average profit and investment return rate of each cattle Some farmers can not correctly identify the oestrus characteristics of cows, so that many cows missed the opportunity of breeding, resulting in empty As an important measure to improve the conception rate of cows, we should teach farmers the technology of estrus identification The technical level of breeding personnel also needs to be further improved Improving the conception rate and survival rate of cows is an important way to improve the profit and return on investment 3.2 summary: 3.2.1 benefit of beef cattle breeding This survey found that farmers in the demonstration park can obtain different degrees of economic benefits from beef cattle breeding The average annual income of households is 2063 yuan, the average profit of cattle in storage is 267 yuan, and the average return on investment is 34.32% The annual income increases with the increase of scale, and the return on investment decreases with the increase of scale The economic benefit is closely related to the feeding management This shows that beef cattle breeding can obtain a relatively high return on investment 3.2.2 appropriate scale The investigation shows that under the natural ecological conditions and current social and economic conditions of the Three Gorges Reservoir area, 5-6 large-scale beef cattle are moderately cultivated at the beginning of the period The investigation shows that the economic benefit of 5-6 units is the best Due to the limitation of technology, management level, capital, forage resources, labor force, knowledge and culture level, the farmers in mountainous areas are not suitable for large-scale breeding at the beginning, but should gradually expand the scale by raising cows and breeding cows Although the production cycle of raising cow is long and the effect is slow, but in this process, the farmer's breeding experience is rich, which is conducive to the management after the scale expansion However, in the survey, it is found that many of the farmers whose breeding scale is more than 10 have achieved good economic benefits, and some of them have an annual income of more than 7000 yuan The common characteristics of these farmers are rich experience in cattle raising, relatively high level of education, a large number of grassland, and good cooperative relationship with animal husbandry and veterinary station So there is still a lot of money to develop cattle industry At present, the beef cattle breeding demonstration park project has just started, and the existing problems will be gradually improved in the future It will also have better economic benefits for farmers to raise beef cattle At the same time, we should also see that the moderate scale of cattle raising has changed under the allocation of market resources With the development of science and technology, the popularization of advanced cattle raising technology, the improvement of management level, the micro storage of straw, the promotion of ammoniated cattle raising, the improvement of grassland, and the planting of grass in the field, the indicators of the moderate scale of cattle raising in this area should also be adjusted in time Fund Project: National Ministry of science and technology 15 key projects, project number: 2001ba604a03 Xu Huizhong, (1961 -), male, born in Daye, Hubei Province, associate professor, mainly engaged in the teaching and research of genetic breeding and reproduction of herbivores.