"Invite me to a beer every week" Viral Fighter finally won the Nobel Prize

the hottest keywords for 2020?
virus!
's the coolest job of 2020?
a virus fighter!
's high-profile Nobel Prize is also a hot spot of the year.
2020 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to three scientific warriors who "discovered the hepatitis C virus":
Harvey J. Alter
Michael Houghton
Charles M. Riceand their work in turn, and a look at this important history.new York in 1935 and currently works at the National Institutes of Health.
In the 1970s, Alt and his team demonstrated that a significant proportion of cases of hepatitis infection after blood transfusions were different from those of hepatitis A and B, unknown sources of infection characterized by viruses.
's systematic study defined a new type of chronic viral hepatitis, once known as non-A-non-hepatitis B.
was awarded the 2000 Rask Prize for Clinical Medical Research and the 2013 Gairdner International Award.british virologist and currently works at the University of Alberta in Canada.
the mysterious "non-A non-hepatitis B" was discovered, more than a decade has not been successful in isolating the virus., Horton, who works for Chiron in the United States, used emerging molecular biology methods to finally find the genetic sequence of the virus, successfully cloning and naming the hepatitis C virus (HCV).
2000, Horton and Alt jointly won the Rask Prize.
2013, he was supposed to be on the podium again with Auld, but he refused to receive the Geldner International Award of the year because the award was not awarded to two of his key collaborators.california in 1952 and currently works at Rockefeller University.
After the hepatitis C virus was "captured", Rice produced strong evidence that the virus alone was sufficient to cause hepatitis, and they pioneered the large-scale preparation of the hepatitis C virus in chimpanzees in 1997, laying the foundation for further understanding of the new virus.
was awarded the Rask Prize for Clinical Medicine In 2016. Zhong Jin, a researcher at the Pasteur Institute in Shanghai: In this special year of 2020, at a time when a whole new virus is ravaging the world, the Nobel Prize reminds us to pay attention to a much longer-standing virus, and I think it makes sense at the right time.
people have always believed that it is only a matter of time since the hepatitis C discoverer won the Nobel Prize.
1976, American scientist Barouk Bloomberg won the Nobel Prize for discovering the hepatitis B virus and developing diagnostic tests and vaccines.
, Alt, Horton, Rice three scientists have been awarded the "Nobel Prize weatherfage" known as the Rask Prize, they won the Nobel Prize, we are not surprised, can be said to be "real."
, a professor at Huashan Hospital affiliated with Fudan University, said: The scientific community agrees that the results of hepatitis C research will definitely be awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
chronic hepatitis C quickly became a curable disease with the launch of the special anti-HCV drug Sophosebwe.
treatment options based on sophosphobwe have become one of the main treatment options for hepatitis C, most of which are covered by Medicare reimbursement, with a cure rate of 95-99 per cent.
, but as the inventor of sophosphorus, Michael J. Sofia, did not win the Nobel Prize this time, a little surprised, and a little sorry.
careful analysis, there is a reason why the Nobel Prize pays more attention to originality. professor at University, American Microbiology
Jin Dongxuan: These three winners are a "perfect match", a clinician (Alt), a research and development scientist in a company (Horton), and a scientist in basic virology (Rice), all three aspects of infectious diseases are important. : This year, we all saw that after the discovery of unidentified pneumonia in Wuhan, chinese scientists successfully isolated the virus in a short period of time, identified it as a new type of coronavirus, and obtained a complete sequence of the virus.
in an age when there was no high-volume sequencing, it was very difficult to isolate and identify viruses.
when molecular biology was just beginning, it was a remarkable job for someone to clone a viral genome using such a new, yet immature technology.
Jin Dongxuan: The general rule of medical virus research in history is that after the discovery of a disease, the virus is isolated from infected tissue, cultured and amplified in cells, and other studies are carried out by looking at the virus in infected cells through a microscope.
this is not the case with the discovery of the hepatitis C virus, which Dr. Alt was unable to find in cells after discovering non-A-non-hepatitis B in the early 1970s.
Horton et al.'s discovery of HCV is the first to find antibodies, the use of antibodies to find antigens and their encoded genes, is to find genes and then find viruses, first to establish infectious virus genome cloning, and finally to establish the virus cell culture method.
this is a landmark work using reverse gene cloning techniques to discover new viruses, bringing the work of discovering new viruses from the cellular level to the molecular level.
their findings, we can make diagnostic reagents to achieve hepatitis C virus prevention and control work.
chinese hepatitis C virus can now be controlled so well, not as spread as hepatitis B, and their work is inextricable. : of the three winners, Alt and Horton, a clinician and a long-time company member, are older.
is relatively young and active in academia, and most Chinese scholars know him better.
and Rice came more and Alt came less at international conferences in the field.
as long as a few of them show up, everyone will respect them. At the conclusion of each meeting, it was always hoped that Horton would be given the floor, and he often looked forward to the future of hepatitis C research.
is a very humble scholar, very concerned about young people, training a large number of outstanding young talent.
Zhenghong, a researcher at Fudan University's Shanghai School of Medicine: In 1999, I did some research in Rice's lab as a visiting professor.
to the lab at 8 a.m. and leaves after 9 p.m., and weekends are no exception.
he spends most of his time researching science and various academic conferences, and even hobbies are related to science.
is passionate about her field, and he thinks it's the most important thing to figure out every gene and every function of HCV.
's what he's been talking to me about: sticking to basic research on disease.
himself was very friendly and very cooperative.
his visit, he invited me to drink beer and chat every week, and he believed that creating a good atmosphere conducive to teaching practice and full exchange and cooperation was the key to innovative scientific research. Jin Dongxuan: Horton has won numerous awards, but he has insisted on including the Chinese scholars he worked with that year, Guo Jinhong from
, China, and Zhu Guixuan from Singapore, but this has been unsuccessful.
in 2013, he refused to accept the Geldner International Award. : The development of hepatitis C drugs is almost one of the most successful cases of antiviral drugs.
but the development of a vaccine for hepatitis C remains a world problem.
now some people think that now that there are drugs, vaccines are less important.
but from the point of view of infectious disease control, to really eliminate an infectious disease, we still have to rely on vaccines.
and has been mathematically modeled, and in the absence of a vaccine, the cost of fighting hepatitis C alone is very high.
I think the most important task in the future in this area is still to develop a safe and effective vaccine.