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Long ago, scientists believed that only humans could use tools, and believed that it was this characteristic that distinguished humans from the rest of the planet.
but since then, animal behavior studies have led to the realization that the use of tools is not a human patent, and that animals such as crows, otters and chimpanzees can also use them.
, for example, crows can bend branches into "hooks" for prey, otters stone shells, and chimps with a high degree of human genetics are experts.
, the use of tools became proof of the animal's high IQ.
now, pigs have joined the ranks.
pig's IQ really low? During a visit to a zoo in France, Meredith Rutbernstein, an ecologist at the University of Sacramento in Paris, accidentally spotted a Mischa, with a bark in his mouth, as if to dig up the bark.
this phenomenon aroused her interest, Bernstein decided to study it.
Bernstein and team members spent three years observing the mithsa boars and found that they only used tools to build nests, using bark and branches to dig holes.
, the pig mother named Priscilla was a tool-using "master" and her daughter did the same.
the discovery excited Bernstein, but she noted that the study was flawed.
In addition to the small sample size, one of the most controversial issues in the study is that the use of tools is observed under captive conditions, and that captive animals may behave differently from wild animals.
, bernstein also points out that behaviors that are usually caused by captivity are characterized by frequent repetition, and that this behavior, which occurs only in nesting, is hardly attributable to captivebreeding, and more likely the skills of wild boars themselves.
Bernstein speculates that the wild-lived Mischain wild boar is likely to also use tools.
believethat as the study continues, humans will have a deeper understanding of the use of tools by pigs.
, pigs have shown amazing intelligence in other areas, including good memory, learning ability, spatial positioning, symbolic language comprehension, cooperation and social skills. A paper published in the journal Applied Animal Behavioral Sciences
notes that two days after exposure to something new, the memory of a domestic pig lasts for at least five days.
study also found pig curiosity: they showed a stronger preference for something new than they were familiar with.
another study that demonstrated the pig's ability to remember spatial locations.
in the experiment, the researchers placed food in a complex site and then let the pigs into the site for food.
after the pigs had finished eating, they asked the pigs to leave the site and re-position the food in the same location on the site.
when the pigs re-entered the site, they quickly found food and avoided unnecessary searches.
other studies have also demonstrated that pigs have strong spatial recognition skills and can learn how to get out of complex mazes.
empathy as a group of animals, pigs not only have high IQ, emotional intelligence is not low.
research team from the University of Wagningen in the Netherlands published in 2013 in Physiology and Behavior, showing that pigs not only exhibit a variety of emotions, but also have the ability to feel the joys and emotions of their peers and respond accordingly.
in this test, some of the test pigs in each group were trained in conditional reflexes in advance, and were able to anticipate whether the coming was rewards (e.g. snacks) or punishments (e.g. snacks) based on light color or alarm sound;
when the researchers manipulated the lights and alarms in the room, the trained pigs were able to judge the expected events according to the instructions and react accordingly.
not only, but whenever these pigs showed happy or sad emotions, their companions, despite knowing nothing about what was about to happen, were infected and showed the same emotions.
for example, when their companions are happy, they also play, howl, and shake their tails, and when they are sad, they shudder, scream, try to escape, and their tails sag.
researchers also collected pig saliva and found changes in stress-related cortisol levels, which confirmed changes in their mood.
such empathy may enhance group feelings and facilitate understanding and communication among peers.
communicatewith with humans in addition to communication with their companions, pet pigs can communicate well with humans.
especially when they are rewarded with food, they can even perform as well as dogs.
in a study published this year in Animal Cognition, scientists recruited 10 pet pigs and dogs each and left each animal in a room with its owner and a female experimenter.
the experimenters were fed every two minutes, and as a result, the puppies and piglets ran and touched the experimenters equally frequently.
however, if the temptation to eat is lost, the pup will still interact with the experimenter, but the piglet scares the experimenter.
, the "pig brain" is much more shrewd than we think.
Source: Global Science
Yu Yingzhu.