JAMA Pediatr: Epidemiological Study of New Coronary Pneumonia in Children and Adolescents in the United States

At present, the United States is the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic of the hard-hit areas, recently researchers on the United States children and adolescents SARS-CoV-2 detection and infection epidemiology.
researchers conducted a retrospective cohort study of data on 135,794 patients under the age of 25 from the PEDSnet database, which consists of seven pediatric health network systems in the United States and includes 6.5 million patients in 11 states.
who participated in the study were tested for the new coronary pneumonia virus between 1 January and 8 September 2020.
data analysis was conducted from 8 to 24 September 2020.
end of the study were SARS-CoV-2 infection and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
there were 135,794 children, 53 per cent male, with an average age of 8.8 years, Asians 3 per cent, blacks 15 per cent, Hispanics 11 per cent, whites 59 per cent, 290 SARS-CoV-2 tests per 10,000 population, 5374 (4 per cent) positive and 12 new crown pneumonia infections per 10,000 people.
Black, Hispanic and Asian populations have lower detection rates than whites (ratios of 0.70, 0.65 and 0.60, respectively), but are more likely to test positive (risk ratios of 2.66, 3.75 and 2.04, respectively).
older (5-11 years old OR=1.25; 12-17 years old OR=1.92;18-24 years old OR=3.51), Medical Insurance (1.43), outpatient examination (2.13) and emergency department examination (3.16) had a higher risk of infection.
single-variable analysis, non-malignant chronic groups were less likely to test for positive tests, while those with pre-existing respiratory diseases had a lower risk of testing positive (standardized ratio of 0.78), however, several other diagnostic groups had a higher risk of positive testing, including malignant diseases (SR=1.54), heart disease (1.18), Endocrine diseases (1.52), gastrointestinal diseases (2.00), genetic diseases (1.19), blood system diseases (1.26), musculoskeletal diseases (1.18), mental health disorders (1.20) and metabolic disorders (1.42).
of the 5,374 positive patients, 359 (7%) were hospitalized for respiratory, hypotension or COVID-19-specific diseases, of which 99 (28%) required intensive care and 33 (9%) required mechanical ventilation.
death rate was 0.2% (8/5374).
number of patients diagnosed with Kawasaki disease at the beginning of 2020 was reduced by 40% (259 vs 433 and 430) compared to 2018 or 2019.
in this large cohort study of pediatric patients in the United States, children had lower rates of SARS-CoV-2 infection and generally had less clinical performance.
black, Hispanic, and Asian populations; adolescents and early adulthood; and people with non-respiratory chronic diseases have a higher risk of infection.
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