JNER: Visual feedback improves the illusion of movement caused by tendon vibration after chronic stroke

More than 60% of stroke patients present with severe and persistent upper extremity sports injuries, and they do not have effective grip strength
.

Due to the loss of autonomy in activities of daily living, the recovery of upper limb motor function is still the main rehabilitation goal

In sports rehabilitation, when symptoms such as attention, cognition, and visual disturbances occur, tendon vibration may be an effective tool for traditional rehabilitation

Virtual vision can increase the illusion movement caused by tendon vibration
.

Compared with the absence of visual cues during vibration, visual feedback consistent with the illusion of movement caused by tendon vibration can cause a higher kinesthetic illusion

This article was published in " Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry " ( Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry )

Before the experiment, the Edinburgh questionnaire was used to investigate the laterality of the participants before and after stroke
.

Several clinical aspects were also recorded: pain in the disabled arm, joint limitations, and proprioceptive sensitivity, arm spasm, visual field, and motor function assessed using FMA-UE

Before the experiment, the Edinburgh questionnaire was used to investigate the laterality of the participants before and after stroke

Illustration of vibration and visual feedback equipment

Virtual cues can be: (1) the virtual hand moves in the same direction as the wrist joint extension (corresponding to the expected hallucination sensation induced by tendon vibration); (2) there is no hand and the screen is empty; (3) static virtual hand (static Condition)
.

After each vibration test, the participants answered two questions: use the Likert scale to measure the intensity of the illusion from 1 to 7; and use the virtual protractor to measure the wrist movement sensation in degrees

The researchers asked participants to fill out a questionnaire at the end of the study plan to understand the patient's preferred visual conditions and subjective data on vibration comfort and sensation
.

The researchers verbally explained the vibration pattern to the patient, but did not specify what kind of movement (hands, fingers) the patient could feel, or in which direction the movement would occur

The researchers asked participants to fill out a questionnaire at the end of the study plan to understand the patient's preferred visual conditions and subjective data on vibration comfort and sensation

experiment process

In terms of movement illusion, the movement state is significantly better than the hidden state and the static state (p.
For these two standards, there is no significant difference between the hidden condition and the static condition
.

The movement state is considered to be the best state to increase the movement illusion (70% of the Patients)

In terms of movement illusion, the movement state is significantly better than the hidden state and the static state (pIn terms of the movement illusion, the movement state is significantly better than the hidden state and the static state (pCompared with the healthy participants in the previous study, the movement illusion of the stroke population seems to be Weak
.
In healthy subjects, the kinesthetic illusion seems to enhance the cortical activity of the sensorimotor zone and proprioceptive motor circuit
.
Participants in the study experienced motor cortex or subcortical injury, which may lead to the illusion of low movement
.
And Compared with the healthy participants in the previous study, the stroke population seemed to have weaker motor illusions
.
In healthy subjects, the kinesthetic illusions seemed to enhance the cortical activity of the sensorimotor areas and proprioceptive motor circuits
.
Participants in the study experienced Injury to the motor cortex or subcortex, which may cause the illusion of low movement
.

The sensory frequency of wrist extension, and the smooth histogram depicts the average wrist motion sensory frequency of the participants in each situation
.

Subjects who have had a stroke in the right hemisphere will have attention deficits, which can lead to difficulties in feeling physical illusions
.
Surprisingly, it was found that the subgroup of subjects with stroke in the right hemisphere is more prone to illusion of movement than the subgroup of subjects with stroke in the left hemisphere
.
Among the participants, two (P11 and P15) did not feel any movement illusion
.
Their clinical manifestations are very similar, about 70 years old, with moderate upper limb dyskinesia and sensitivity disorders, and no spasms
.
They all suffer from ischemic left stroke, located in the front of the brain (P11) or at the junction of the anterior cerebral artery and the middle cerebral artery (P15)
.
The medial prefrontal area may be involved in the perception of hallucinations, and these participants may change after a stroke
.

Subjects who have had a stroke in the right hemisphere will have attention deficits, which can lead to difficulties in feeling physical illusions
.
Surprisingly, it was found that the subgroup of subjects with stroke in the right hemisphere is more prone to illusion of movement than the subgroup of subjects with stroke in the left hemisphere
.
Subjects who have had a stroke in the right hemisphere will have attention deficits, which can lead to difficulties in feeling physical illusions
.
Surprisingly, it was found that the subgroup of subjects with stroke in the right hemisphere is more prone to illusion of movement than the subgroup of subjects with stroke in the left hemisphere
.

In short, visual feedback, visual proprioceptive feedback, may become a meaningful tool in sports rehabilitation
.

Le Franc, S.
, Bonan, I.
, Fleury, M.
  et al.
Visual feedback improves movement illusions induced by tendon vibration after chronic stroke .
  J NeuroEngineering Rehabil 18,  156 (2021).
https://doi.
org/10.
1186 /s12984-021-00948-7  

Le Franc, S.
, Bonan, I.
, Fleury, M.
  et al.
Visual feedback improves movement illusions induced by tendon vibration after chronic stroke .
  Visual feedback improves movement illusions induced by tendon vibration after chronic stroke J NeuroEngineering Rehabil 18,  156 ( 2021).
https://doi.
org/10.
1186/s12984-021-00948-7 Leave a message here