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On September 1, news that Johnson & Johnson's HIV vaccine failed in its first major trial, making nearly 40 years of efforts to produce a vaccine against the deadliest epidemic in history once again frustrated
.
The drug candidate uses the same technology as Johnson & Johnson's Covid-19 and Ebola vaccines, and is one of the last major HIV vaccine structures in late-stage trials
.
Research Quadrivalent HIV Vaccine: Realizing Step by Step
As early as 2009, researchers reported on a trial called RV144, which mixed a variety of different vaccine constructs
.
Although the study failed, it appeared to reduce the risk of HIV infection by 30%
.
Infect
In a trial called Imbokodo that began in 2017, a vaccine produced by Johnson & Johnson failed to provide convincing protection against HIV infection
.
The trial involved 2,600 women in South Africa and its four neighboring countries
.
prevention
This trial compared the efficacy of the vaccine with a placebo
.
The results announced by Johnson & Johnson in a statement on August 31 showed that 63 people in the placebo group were infected, while 51 of the participants who received the vaccine were infected, and the effectiveness of the vaccine was 25.
2%—a proportion too high.
fund
However, Gray emphasized that the data provided by the Imbokodo project is more promising than the other two AIDS vaccine efficacy trials she participated in
.
"Every failed trial tells us something
.
immunity
Johnson & Johnson Chief Scientific Officer Paul Stoffels said that despite the failure, a second trial of similar vaccines in different research populations will continue
.
The Mosaico trial, which began in the Americas and Europe in 2019, involved 3,800 transgender people and men who had sex with them
.
Both Imbokodo and Mosaico have a total of four doses, using two different injections
.
NIAID's AIDS Vaccine Trial Network sponsored these two studies
.
Lawrence Corey, a vaccine researcher at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and co-leader of the network, pointed out that Johnson & Johnson’s strategy relies heavily on triggering the production of T cells that can recognize and eliminate HIV-infected cells.
Corey said that several research groups have begun human trials of vaccines designed to stimulate effective neutralization of HIV antibodies, but perhaps none of them will be able to enter a full effectiveness trial in about four years
.
"We have a lot of work to do
.
" He added, "Maybe the new coronavirus vaccine will teach us a lesson on how to speed up
.
"
