Kexing vaccine is safe and effective for minors aged 3-17, and the effect of mixed vaccination of the new crown vaccine is better. New crown research progresses in a week

Nanobodies can efficiently neutralize three new coronavirus variants

Nanobodies can efficiently neutralize three new coronavirus variants

Source: Nature

Source: Nature Source: Nature

Recently, in a paper published in Nature, researchers designed two sets of "nanobodies" that can bypass mutations and prevent the new coronavirus from binding to host cells
.
The results show that these two groups of antibodies can effectively neutralize the three mutant strains of Alpha, Beta, and Gamma currently appearing

.

Because the structure is simpler than that of ordinary antibodies, Nanobodies have unique flexibility on the antigen binding interface.
They can "drill" into corners that are difficult for large antibodies to contact and bind to epitopes
.
Taking advantage of this advantage, Nanobodies can help solve the immune escape caused by virus mutations

.

The source of these Nanobodies is very special: some are from llamas, and some are from mice that have been transformed into alpaca and camel genes
.

Structural changes of Alpha and Beta variants of spike glycoproteins revealed

Structural changes of Alpha and Beta variants of spike glycoproteins revealed

Source: Science

Source: Science Source: Science

On June 24, a study published in "Science" used cryo-EM to compare the structure of the spike glycoprotein on the original new coronavirus and its Alpha and Beta variants
.

The results showed that mutations in the Beta variant changed the shape of certain positions on the surface of the spike glycoprotein, resulting in weak binding of the neutralizing antibody induced by the current vaccine to the Beta variant, which may cause people to evade the immune system after being vaccinated
.
The antibodies raised by existing vaccines can neutralize Alpha variants

.

More evidence supports the better effect of mixed vaccination of new crown vaccine

More evidence supports the better effect of mixed vaccination of new crown vaccine

Source: the Lancet

Source: the Lancet Source: the Lancet

On June 25, a study published in the "Lancet" (the Lancet) announced the important results of the new crown vaccine mixed vaccination trial
.
The first injection of adenovirus vaccine ChAdOx1-S and the second injection of mRNA vaccine BNT162b2 can bring about a strong immune response, including higher antibody levels, neutralizing antibody levels, and the safety is good and controllable

.

This study currently has certain limitations, such as the lack of two doses of the same vaccination as a control; the trial population also has strict inclusion criteria, which is limited in representativeness; the small sample size and short follow-up time make it difficult to fully evaluate the safety of the mixed vaccination program
.

mRNA vaccine can bring lasting protection

mRNA vaccine can bring lasting protection

Source: Nature

Source: Nature Source: Nature

On June 28, a paper published online in Nature showed that although mRNA vaccines are effective in inducing immune responses and providing long-term protection
.

Volunteers who have not been infected with the new crown begin to develop antibodies after the first shot of the vaccine, and the antibody level reaches the peak after the second shot of the vaccine, while the volunteers who have been infected with the new crown will have the antibody level rapidly after the first shot of the vaccine Climb up
.

This shows that even if you have been infected with the new crown before, you can provide additional protection through vaccination
.

New type of mask can detect the new coronavirus in the air

New type of mask can detect the new coronavirus in the air

Source: Nature Biotechnology

Source: Nature Biotechnology Source: Nature Biotechnology

On June 28, in a paper published in "Nature Biotechnology" (Nature Biotechnology), researchers used CRISPR technology to successfully develop a wearable, freeze-dried, cell-free synthetic biological sensor.
Consistent with laboratory results regarded as the gold standard, it can also be embedded in a flexible matrix for real-time and dynamic monitoring of target pathogens
.

In the future, this technology is expected to be combined with masks for use by people who are at higher risk of exposure to pathogens in the work environment, such as grassroots medical staff
.

Kexing vaccine is safe and effective for people aged 3-17 years

Kexing vaccine is safe and effective for people aged 3-17 years

Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases

Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases

On June 28, a report published in The Lancet Infectious Diseases showed that people aged 3-17 were vaccinated with two doses of Beijing Kexing Zhongwei Company’s “CoronaVac” (CoronaVac).
) The vaccine is safe
.

After two doses of the vaccine, more than 96% of the population had a neutralizing antibody reaction.
The adverse reactions were mostly mild and moderate.
Pain at the injection site was the most common symptom
.

It is reported that the "Kierlaifu" vaccine has recently been approved for emergency use in Chinese children aged 3 years and above
.

COVID-19 reduces Brazil's life expectancy by 1.
3 years in 2020

COVID-19 reduces Brazil's life expectancy by 1.
3 years in 2020

Source: Nature Medicine

Source: Nature Medicine Source: Nature Medicine

On June 29, a study published in "Nature Medicine" showed that, affected by the new crown epidemic, the life expectancy of the new born population in Brazil decreased by 1.
3 years in 2020, and the difference between men and women was 9.
1%
.
The life expectancy of the 65-year-old has dropped by 0.

9 years

In the first four months of 2021, the number of deaths from the new crown in Brazil was 1.
07 times that of the entire year of 2020, which resulted in a 1.
8-year reduction in the life expectancy of Brazil’s new-born population in 2021
.

Nearly 50% of the elderly cannot be protected after a shot of the vaccine

Nearly 50% of the elderly cannot be protected after a shot of the vaccine

Source: Nature

Source: Nature Source: Nature

On June 30, a study published online in Nature found that half of the elderly who participated in the study could not bring the ideal virus neutralization ability after a single shot, and wanted to optimize their immunity.
Two shots of the vaccine must be given
.

The researchers recruited 140 vaccinators, including 80 elderly people over 80 years old (old age group) and 60 younger health care workers (young group), all of whom were vaccinated with the mRNA vaccine BNT162b2
.

Within 3-12 weeks after the first vaccination, the serum neutralization ability of elderly people aged 80 years and older declined sharply.
From the geometric mean titer level, half of the young group’s titers could not be seen, and half did not show anything.
Signs of neutralizing the virus
.

After the second injection, all participants had similar levels of neutralizing antibody responses
.
Even if the neutralizing ability was not produced after the first injection, the neutralizing activity was significantly improved after the second injection

.

New coronavirus variants can invalidate many neutralizing antibodies

New coronavirus variants can invalidate many neutralizing antibodies

Source: Science

Source: Science Source: Science

On July 1, a study published online in Science described the mechanism by which mutations in the Episilon variant (formerly known as B.
1.
427/B.
1.
429) found in California cause immune escape
.

There are three mutations in the S protein of the Episilon variant, namely S13I and W152C in the N-terminal domain, and L452R in the receptor binding domain
.
In a variety of experiments, Moderna and Pfizer/BioNTech's vaccines have shown a reduction in neutralization ability of more than 2 times, and a reduction in neutralization ability has also been observed in COVID-19 rehabilitation individuals who have been vaccinated with mRNA

.

Episilon variants contain mutations that will positively select the virus, and mutations in the N-terminal domain have more serious consequences
.
What needs to be vigilant is that some of the virus strains found in other regions also have the same mutation

.

Recovered people found "super antibodies" that can cope with a variety of new crown variants

Recovered people found "super antibodies" that can cope with a variety of new crown variants

Source: Science

Source: Science Source: Science

In a work published online in Science on July 1, researchers obtained blood samples from 22 survivors and found 4 powerful antibodies.
The virus strains infecting these patients have extremely high Neutralizing ability, there are 3 kinds of mutant viruses that still maintain a high neutralizing ability, of which two "super antibodies" can produce extremely strong neutralizing ability against a variety of new coronavirus mutant viruses, including the above-mentioned Epsilon variants
.

Subsequent studies pointed out that if antibody combination therapy is used, combining antibodies with different recognition mechanisms is expected to reduce the risk of virus escape and avoid the loss of neutralization ability
.
This may be a research direction in the future
.

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