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Phytophagous insects are one of the most important threats to plant survival, and depending on their mouthparts, insects can be divided into chewing insects and stinging insects
.
In the process of co-evolution of plants and insects, plants have evolved complex and diverse strategies to resist insect feeding, including elaborate signaling systems and a variety of plant resistant secondary metabolites
.
For example, the plant hormone jasmonic acid (JA) is a key signaling substance that regulates plant insect resistance, while glucosinolates (GS).
) is an important insect-resistant secondary metabolite
of cruciferous plants.
Plants respond not only to the insect's feeding (native) sites but also to the distal (systemic) parts where the insect is not being eaten, a process known as the systemic insect response
.
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) signals, calcium (Ca2+) signals and electrical signals are involved in the rapid transmission of systematic insect resistance signals between plant leaves.
Moreover, the delivery process of all three relies on glutamate receptor-like proteins GLR3.
3 and GLR3.
6
.
Although the functions of GLR3.
3 and GLR3.
6 in plant systemic signaling are well defined, it is unclear
whether and how they participate in plant systemic insect responses.
Recently, Wu Jianqiang's team at the Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences used two different feeding methods, the stinging mouthpart insect Myzus persicae and the chewing mouthpart insect Spodoptera litura, as well as wild-type and GLR3.
3 The mechanism of GLR3.
3 and GLR3.
6 in plant systemic insect resistance was revealed by insect-resistant phenotypic analysis, hormonal and secondary metabolite detection, and transcriptome and metabolomic association analysis
。
The results of the study found that the enhancement of systemic calcium ion (Ca2+) signal induced by feeding (W+OS treatment) of peach aphid and simulated night moth twill moths depended on GLR3.
3 and GLR3.
6 (Figure 1); Moreover, compared with wild-type Arabidopsis, the systemic insect resistance to peach aphid and noctuary moths in the GLR3.
3 GLR3.
6 double mutant was reduced (Fig.
2), indicating GLR3.
3 and GLR3.
6 It plays an important role
in the systematic insect control process of Arabidopsis.
Further assays of anti-insect-related substances found reduced levels of jasmonic acid (JA) and glucosinolates (GS) in the leaves of the system
.
Transcriptome analysis showed that GLR3.
3 and GLR3.
6 played an important role in the transcriptional response of Arabidopsis thaliana system leaves to insect feeding, especially JA and GS Expression
of related genes.
In addition, metabolome analysis found that GLR3.
3 and GLR3.
6 also regulated the accumulation
of important metabolites such as amino acids, carbohydrates and organic acids in response to insect feeding in the leaves of the system.
In summary, the study deeply analyzed the functions of glutamate receptors GLR3.
3 and GLR3.
6 in the plant systemic insect resistance response, revealing GLR3.
3 and GLR3.
6 It not only regulates the transmission of systematic Ca2+ signals generated by plants in response to insect feeding, but also regulates the systemic insect resistance response of plants, including the expression of resistance genes and the accumulation of insect-resistant metabolites, which provides an important theoretical basis for understanding the systemic insect-resistant response of plants at the molecular level, and also provides a reference
for the cultivation of insect-resistant crops.
The study, titled The glutamate receptor-like 3.
3 and 3.
6 mediate systemic resistance to insect herbivores in Arabidopsis, was published online in the Journal of Experimental On Botany, Xue Na, a doctoral student at the Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, is the first author of the paper, and researcher Wu Jianqiang is the corresponding author
.
The research was supported by the Pilot Cultivation Project, the Yunnan Basic Research Program Excellent Youth Project, the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the "Light of the West" talent training program of Chinese science.
Link to the article
Fig.
1 Enhancement of systemic Ca2+ signals induced by Peach aphid and W+OS treatment depends on GLR3.
3 and GLR3.
6
Fig.
2 Arabidopsis GLR3.
3 The resistance of GLR3.
6 double mutant to peach aphid and twill moth
