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On the evening of July 25th, Beijing time, the ESA team, led by Italian scientist Roberto Orosei, announced the discovery of a 20-kilometer-wide subterranean lake beneath the ice sheet of Mars' south pole.
this is the first time that humans have determined the presence of liquid water on Mars.
the underground lake of Mars' south pole, although the underground lake is cold and salty, is the beach "halogen", it is difficult to have a Martian civilization, but I believe that with this example, scientists will continue to be enthusiastic on Mars to find habitable water system.
after all, in the next few years, Mars will welcome China, the United States, India, Europe, a number of landing probes.
and "Silicon Valley Iron Man" Musk's 2030 Mars colonization plan, is the culmination of this wave of "Mars fever."
radar-detected groundwater humans have sent more than 20 emissaries to the stars, there are still six satellites in orbit, two mars rover in the Earth, a probe is still in flight.
for more than 60 years, why is it so difficult to identify the water of Mars? The traces of the ice water of Mars are actually written all over the entire red planet.
valleys, deltas, lake beds, and so on, which are suspected to have been washed away by water, all suggest that Mars once had a large amount of flowing water, even a vast ocean.
, Mars's atmosphere may be denser and hotter.
billions of years, the climate environment of the Red Planet has undergone the changes of the Bohai Santian.
, Mars's atmosphere is thin today, with a pressure of just 0.6 percent of the Earth's standard atmospheric pressure;
That's why scientists have only previously found solid ice on Mars.
2002, NASA's Osedd saw a giant ice crown of dry and water-ice on Mars' poles.
Mars polar poles are covered with giant ice caps, NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Vehicle (MRO) carries a "light radar" device that detects a large amount of underground ice buried on Mars.
tracked images transmitted back by MRO for more than a decade, and earlier this year a team of U.S. teams found eight blue "deep well ices."
these 100-meter-thick underground ices are buried in the mid-latitudes of Mars, far from the polar regions, just one to two meters from the surface.
Mars' underground ice, which means that the underground ice reserves of Mars may be global.
veterans don't die, is there any groundwater on Mars? Scientists have long speculated that there is a high probability that there is a great probability that it is under the polar ice sheet.
According to experience on Earth, the melting point of ice decreases under the pressure of glaciers, and the presence of salt on Mars, on the other hand, reduces the melting point of the ice.
, cold glaciers can also hold flowing liquid water in a double-factor.
, however, the water of Mars was a guess until THE LAUNCH OF ESA's Advanced Underground and Ionospheric Reconnaissance Radar (MARSIS) was solved.
, Mars Express was a veteran of the launch in 2003 and ESA's first Mars exploration program.
the sky's satellites have been diligent for 15 years, and scientists on the ground have been working on new technologies for 15 years to get higher-resolution data.
the Mars Express MARSIS radar, launched by ESA in 2003, is to emit electromagnetic waves and accept reflected waves.
radar analyzes the time and intensity of the reflection of the wave, inferring what material is being exposed to.
through satellite flights, radar continues to map the underground structure of Mars.
radar scanned a total area of 200 kilometers wide in the south pole of Mars and found ice about 1.5 kilometres thick, including an unusually bright reflector 20 km wide.
after ruling out many possibilities, scientists confirmed that the bright reflector was a interface between liquid water and glaciers, possibly mixed with saturated salty sediment.
lake "halogen" of course, as mentioned earlier, this underground lake is not frozen, must contain a lot of salt.
, in the words of Zheng Yongchun, a researcher at the National Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said: "The water that is not frozen at minus 74 degrees is how thick the brine is."
", "You know, the water freezes at minus 2 degrees.
in such a high concentration of salt, there may be life is not "halogen" ? We can only say that there is little hope, but we cannot speculate on the mystery of the universe. the good news
Mars' Antarctic permanent ice sheet and bright reflectors is that scientists plan to look for more Martian groundwater in lower latitudes and warmer temperatures: where it is more likely to provide microbial survival conditions.
the Italian team didn't think about it, but the Mars Express's sampling frequency and resolution were too low.
Esa's planned launch of the ExoMars rover in 2020 will continue to use more advanced radar equipment to look for light and water beyond the Martian polar regions.
ExoMars's pilot probe, Schiaparelli, was unlucky to fall out a second before it landed on Mars in October 2016, and this time we wish ESA better luck.
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