Live report on sexually transmitted infections (revised in October 2007)

infection and transmission
sexually transmitted infections are transmitted mainly through sexual contact between humansThere are more than 30 different sexually transmitted bacteria, viruses and parasitesSome of these,, in particular HIV and syphilis,may also be transmitted from mother to childduring pregnancy and childbirth,and can be transmitted through blood products and tissue transplantsSome of the most common sexually transmitted pathogens can be divided into different types of bacteria, viruses and parasitesCommon bacterial infectionsgonorrhea(
causegonorophilia or gonorrhoea infection) chathalamiform(
causech laiforma infection)syphilis helix(
causes syphilis)Ducreha haemophilus(
caused by chlamydia infection)causes soft underarms)- granulated cressy bacteria (formerly known as granulated diaphragm,causing groin granuloma)common viral infection.
type (causing genital herpes)human papilloma virus (causing warts, some subtypes cause cervical cancer in women) hepatitis B virus (causing hepatitis, chronic hepatitis can cause liver cancer) Bio
vaginal trichomoniasis (which causes vaginal trichomoniasis) white candidisis (causing vulvaline in women; male turtle head and foreskin inflammation (penile circitis) sexually transmitted infections are a public health problem
according to 1999 WHO estimates, The annual number of new cases of curable sexually transmitted infections (syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia and trichomoniasis) worldwide among adults aged 15-49 is 340 million (This is the most recent available data.) New estimates for
the year 2
005 are still being prepared and will be published 2 007 in developing countries, STIs and their complications rank in the top five categories of diseases seeking treatment in adults Infectious sexually transmitted infections can lead to acute symptoms, chronic infections and severe retardation consequences, such as infertility, ectopic pregnancy, cervical cancer, and premature death in infant
s and adults Sexually transmitted infections and the prevention of serious complications in women
sexually transmitted infections are the main preventable causes of infertility, especially in women In women with chlamydia infection with sandopath, 10-40% of them have symptoms of pelvic inflammatory disease
Post-infection fallopian tube damage causes 30-40% of women cases of infertility In addition, women with pelvic inflammatory disease are 6-10 times more likely to develop ectopic pregnancy (fallopian pregnancy) than women who are not suffering from pelvic inflammatory disease; Infection with some kind of human papillomavirus can lead to the stage of reproductive cancer, especially cervical cancer in women Sexually transmitted infections and adverse outcomes from pregnancy untreated STIs are associated with congenital and perinatal infections in newborns, especially in areas where infection rates remain high pregnant women with early syphilis but untreated , with 2
5 per cent of pregnancies resulting in stillbirths and 14 per cent of neonatal deaths - the overall perinatal mortality rate is about 40 per cent For example, the prevalence of syphilis in the of pregnant women in africa ranges from 4 to 15 per cent As many as 35 per cent of pregnancies in women with gonorrhoea infection but untreated outcomes are spontaneous miscarriages and premature births, and up to 10 per cent of perinatal deaths In the absence of preventive measures, 30-50% of the babies whose mothers have gonorrhea but are not treated , and 30% of infants whose mothers have chlamydia infections but are not treated will develop severe eye infections (neonatal eye inflammation), which can lead to blindness if not treated in a timely manner It is estimated that between 1,000 and 4,000 newborns worldwide are blinded by the disease each year Sexually transmitted infections and AIDS infected with ulcerative or non-ulcerative (sexually transmitted infections that cause ulcers or sexually transmitted infections that do not cause ulcers) and are not treated, and the risk of HIV transmission increases by up to 10 times Timely treatment of sexually transmitted infections is therefore essential to reduce the risk of HIV infection Controlled STIs are also important to prevent the spread of HIV in high-risk populations as well as among the general population The most effective way to avoid infection or stiletto infection prevents sexual intercourse (i.e., oral, vaginal or anal sex) or only with an uninfected partner who has a long-term single sexual relationship with each other male latex condoms are always used correctly, they are effective in reducing the spread of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections, including gonorrhea, chytoxchya infection snorta and trichomoniasis Asymptomatic sexually transmitted infections some STIs are often without symptoms For example, as many as 70 per cent of women and a significant proportion of men may not have any symptoms, although they have a gonorrhoea infection and /
or chlamydia infection As mentioned above, both asymptomatic infection and asymptomatic infection can lead to serious complications Stenostis syndrome and patient management from the syndrome although there are many different pathogens that cause STIs, some of which produce similar or identical clinical manifestations called signs (personal or health care what the provider sees when examining the body) and symptoms (the patient's self-perception, such as pain or discomfort) Some of these symptoms and symptoms are easy to identify, consistent with the condition, and form what is commonly referred to as the syndrome, indicating the presence of one or more pathogens For example, gonorrhea or chlamydia may cause secretions to flow out of the men's urethra alone or jointly The main symptoms of common stenosis infection are: , urethra secretions , genital ulcer , groin swelling ( groin lymphnode ligitis , i.e groin lymph nodes) scrotum swelling , vaginal secretions , lower abdominal pain , neonatal eye infection ( neonatal conjunctivitis) traditional diagnostic methods of sexually transmitted infections through laboratory testing However, these tests are usually unavailable or too expensive Since 1990, WHO has recommended the diagnosis and management of STIs in patients with identified signs and symptoms consistent with specific STIs The approach to syndrome is a scientifically based approach that provides an effective and rapid treatment that can be used The use of flowcharts to guide diagnosis and treatment from the syndrome is more accurate than a diagnostic method based solely on clinical judgment, even for experienced persons, and more cost-effective for some syndromes than with laboratory testing However, treating vaginal secretion disorders from the syndrome, which is less specific to gonorrhea and chlamydia, and treating all women with vaginal secretions as cervical infections (assuming sexual transmission is the cause of their secretions), in some cases leading to unacceptably over-treatment Women who develop abnormal vaginal secretions should be treated primarily as vaginal infections and are included in the treatment of these pathogens based on the spread or risk of gonorrhea and chlamydia The organisms that cause the specific syndrome need to be determined according to local conditions and the flow chart adjusted accordingly In addition, routine monitoring of the organisms that cause each syndrome should be carried out regularly to maintain effective treatments The global strategy for the prevention and control of stileis control of statising infections remains a priority for WHO The World Health Assembly endorsed a global strategy for the prevention and control of sexually transmitted infections May 2006, 2006 The strategy urges all countries to control the spread of sexually transmitted infections through the implementation of interventions that include measures 1 Prevention through the promotion of safer sexual behaviour, 2 universal and affordable, high-quality condoms, 3 Promoting early access to health facilities for people with statising infections and their partners to include treatment of sexually transmitted infections in basic health services, 5 Provide specific services to people who have frequent or accidental high-risk sex, such as sex workers
, youth , long-distance truck drivers , military , drug users and prisoners ; 6 Appropriate treatment of sexually transmitted infections, i.e., the use of correct and effective drugs , treatment of sexual partners, education and guidance, 7 screening of patients with non-clinical symptoms (e.g syphilis, chlamydia), 8 provision of counselling and voluntary testing of HIV infection, 9 Prevention and treatment of congenital syphilis and neonatal conjunctivitis; , all involved in the prevention and treatment of sexually transmitted infections, including private sectors and communities