Major equipment in the Microbiology Laboratory

(i) Clean Benchpurification workbench is a local stratospheric device, which can form a high-clean working environment in the local areaIt consists of a workbench, filters, fans, static pressure boxes and support sapers, using filtered air to make the workbench operating area to achieve the purpose of purifying and sterilizingIndoor air by pre-filter and efficient filter dust removal in a vertical or horizontal flow state through the operating area of the workbench, because the air does not have eddy currents, so, any bit of dust or attached to the dust of the bacteria can be excluded, not easy to spread and transfer elsewhereAs a result, the operating area can be kept sterileCompared with sterile rooms and vaccination boxes, thehas the advantages of good working conditions, convenient operation, reliable sterile effect, non-sterile agents, small footprint and movable spaceIf used in a sterile room, the aseptic effect is betterThe disadvantage is that pre-filters and efficient filters need to be cleaned and replaced regularly(ii) High-Pressure Steam Sterilization Pota high-pressure steam steriliser is a closed double metal pot that can withstand certain pressuresThe bottom of the pot or the mezzanine contains water, when the water boils in the pot because the steam can not escape, so that the pressure in the pot gradually increases, the boiling point and temperature of the water can be raised, so as to achieve the purpose of high temperature sterilizationGenerally under the pressure of 0.11MPa, 121 degrees C sterilization 20 to 30 min, including spores, all microorganisms can be killedIf the sterilized article is large and steam penetration is difficult, the steam pressure can be appropriately increased or the sterilization time can be extendedautoclave pot has horizontal, vertical, portable and other types, in the microbiology laboratory, the most commonly used is portable and vertical autoclave sterilizing potCompared with the often-pressing sterilizing pot, the advantage of autoclave pot is that the time required for sterilization is short, saving fuel, thorough sterilization and so onThe disadvantage is that it is expensive and has a small sterilization capacity (iii) CultureBox incubators are special equipment for the cultivation of microorganisms The thermoheat incubator is a fixed-volume thermostatic culture device synthesized by electric furnace wire and temperature control device, with different size specifications The working volume of incubators commonly used in microbial laboratories is 450 x 450 x 350mm3 or 650 x 500 x 500mm3, suitable for all types of microbial culture between room temperature and 60 oC At present, with the development of scientific level, the degree of improvement and price of incubator equipment is very different There are a variety of reasonable structure, full-featured incubators, such as thermostatic incubators, thermostatic and humid ity incubators, low temperature incubators, microbial multi-use incubators and carbon dioxide incubators Some use computer control, you can choose a number of timelines to change the temperature difference, thus overcoming the impact of ambient temperature, all year round can achieve the temperature requirements of culture microbial multi-use incubator is a microbial liquid fermentation device that combines heating, cooling and oscillation The temperature of the studio is selected in the range of 15 to 50 degrees C, and is automatically controlled by the temperature controller to maintain the constant temperature in the work room At the same time, there is a silicon-controlled speed control system, the oscillator speed can be in the range of 1 to 220 rpm arbitrary regulation (four) drying box (dryingbox) drying tank is a device used to remove moisture or other volatile solutions from wet materials and inside and outside the vessel There are many types, there are box, roller, intersuite, swing and so on Microbiology laboratory multi-use box drying tank, size specifications vary The workroom is equipped with movable barbed wire panels for easy placement of dried items The heat-warming drying tank is also composed of electric furnace wire and temperature control device, which can adjust the temperature from room temperature to 300 degrees C any choice Some drying tanks use conductive thermometers as sensitive components, with transistors and relays to form an automatic control system, to overcome the shortcomings of metal tube-type thermal expansion control there is also a vacuum drying tank (with a vacuum pump and barometer) that can be operated under normal pressure or decompression (v) ShakingBed shaker, it is a small test equipment for the cultivation of good gas-based microorganisms or as a seed expansion culture, commonly used shaker has reciprocating and rotary two kinds ReciprocATING SHAKER'S RECIPROCATING FREQUENCY IS GENERALLY 80 TO 140 TIMES / MIN, STROKE IS GENERALLY 5 TO 14 CM, SUCH AS EXCESSIVE FREQUENCY, STROKE IS TOO LARGE OR THE LIQUID IN THE BOTTLE IS TOO MUCH, WHEN SHAKING THE LIQUID WILL BE SPLASHED ON THE COATING OR COTTON PLUGS, RESULTING IN BACTERIA POLLUTION, ESPECIALLY WHEN STARTED THIS SITUATION the eccentricity of the rotary shaker is generally between 3 and 6cm, and the number of rotations is 60 to 300 rpm the oxygen required for the fermentation liquid placed in a incubator (generally a triangular bottle) in a shaker is carried in by the air through the bottle mouth of the gauze (generally 8 layers) or cotton plugs, so the transfer of oxygen is related to the size of the bottle, the geometry of the bottle, the thickness and density of the cotton plug or gauze In general, the oxygen absorption coefficient of the shaker depends on the characteristics of the shaker and the amount of sample of the triangular bottle reciprocating shaker is the use of crank principle belt shake bed for reciprocating movement, the body is iron or wooden long box son, there is a layer to three layers of tray, the tray has a round hole ready to put the culture bottle, the hole protrudes a three-angled rubber, to fix the culture bottle and reduce the vibration of the bottle, the transmission mechanism generally uses the second-level pulley to slow down, adjust the speed belt can change the frequency There are different eccentric holes opened on the eccentric wheel in order to adjust the eccentricity distance The frequency of the reciprocating shaker and the size of the eccentricity have a significant effect on the absorption of oxygen rotary shaker is a rotating eccentric shaft that swings the tray, which has one or two layers and can be made of stainless steel, aluminum or wooden Bolts are installed on the three eccentric shafts to adjust the upper and lower, keeping the tray level This shaker is complex in structure and expensive The advantage is that oxygen transmission is better, power consumption is small, the medium will not splash on the bottle of gauze (six) microscopes microscopic microscopic, and they must be used to see their individual morphology and cellular structure Therefore, in the study of microbiology, microscope has become an indispensable tool There are many kinds of microscopes, which can be divided into optical microscopes and non-optical microscopes according to their structure Optical microscopes can be divided into single microscopes and duplex microscopes The simplest single microscope, the magnifying glass (the magnification is often around 10 times), is constructed with a complex single microscope for an anatomical microscope (the magnification is around 200) In the study of microbiology, it is mainly a duplex microscope Common optical microscopes (light field microscopes) are the most commonly used In addition, there are dark field microscopes, difference microscopes, fluorescence microscopes, polarizing microscopes, ultraviolet microscopes and inverted microscopes Non-optical microscopes are electron microscopes (Seven) Vaccination Box (Clean Box) the vaccination box is divided into solid bacteria vaccination box and liquid bacteria vaccination box A solid species vaccination box is a small, closed box made of wood and glass or welded from plexiglass It is also divided into double and single operating boxes Box can be large and small, the general box length of about 143cm, 86cm wide, a total height of 154cm, bracket 76cm The upper left and right sides of the box are equipped with two glass sliding doors that can be opened and closed to facilitate the entry and exit of the bacteria The lower part of the window is separated by two holes about 13cm in diameter, the center distance of the two holes is 52cm (with the same shoulder width), the hole is equipped with a sleeve with a loose belt, in order to prevent the hands in the box operation, the outside air into the box caused pollution The two men sat opposite each other during the operation, their hands protruding into the box through the sleeves It is best to have glass on both sides of the box, with wooden planks or glass on top of the box The top of the box is equipped with uv sterilizing lamps and one fluorescent lamp for lighting The case can be installed with wooden planks or glass, but be aware of the seal liquid strains are designed for transporting liquid strains Narrow erlong than solid symbiosis box, one-sided two-person operation Built track and ultraviolet light, the end of the box open edgon 25cm high, 10cm wide rectangular exit, convenient for the introduction of bacteria in and out, the hole has a small push door The import and export under the steam source, inoculation with steam sealed the import and export, in order to prevent the bacteria into the box The back of the box has a small hole in which liquid bacteria are removed 30min with ultraviolet light when sterilizing the kit If there is no UV lamp, can be formaldehyde and potassium permanganate (formaldehyde 10 to 14mL/m3 plus potassium permanganate 5 to 7g/m3 space) fumigation more than 30min When used, put the required items and tools in the vaccination box, then fumigated and uvized, and then inoculated in sterile operation the structure of the vaccination box is simple, low cost, easy to disinfect and sterilize, easy to operate, and people outside the box operation, high temperature can also operate The disadvantage is that it takes time to get in and out of the medium and sterilize each time before vaccination there are two main types of (eight) (viii) refrigerators in the : ordinary refrigerators and cryogenic freezers Ordinary refrigerators generally have two cabinets, namely fresh storage cabinets and freezers, the temperature is 4 degrees C and -20 degrees C, respectively, and the temperature of cryogenic refrigerators is generally controlled at -40 to -80 degrees C They can all be used for microbial species preservation Fresh storage cabinets are often used to preserve sloping bacteria species, preservation time in about 3 months Over 3 months, the bet will dry out, so the species needs to be transferred If you want to preserve the species for a long time, it needs to be treated, stored in the ordinary refrigerator freezer or cryogenic refrigerator, they hold for a long time, generally in more than 1 year