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Hormones, neurotransmitters, chemoattractants, and growth factors all elicit intracellular responses, on binding to cell surface receptors, by activating inositol phospholipid-specific phospholipase C (PLC). Activated PLC catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PIP
2
), a minor membrane phospholipid, to form two second messengers, diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol (1,4,5)trisphosphate [Ins(1,4,5,)P
3
]. DAG is a direct activator of protein kinase C isozymes, Ins(1,4,5)P
3
mobilizes intracellular Ca
2+
. G protein-coupled receptors couple to the PLC-β family via G proteins, and tyrosine kinase receptors activate PLCγ isozymes (
1
). Regardless of the PLC isozyme activated, the product is invariantly Ins(1,4,5)P
3
.