Microbiome and metabolomic characterization of the cardiometabolic disease spectrum

Microbiome and metabolomic analyses of previous studies of NCDs have paid little attention to major confounders of findings, such as common, pre-onset and comorbid conditions or polypharmacy

^{Epidemiological and genetic studies in humans and experimental studies in animals suggest that the pathogenesis of} the most common chronic noncommunicable diseases involves complex interactions between polygenic susceptibility, aging, gender and multiple environmental exposures1

Current microbiome and metabolome research has focused on IHD, which is the leading cause of death worldwide

In the MetaCardis Consortium, we designed the current cross-sectional study, including healthy individuals, patients with metabolic abnormalities, and patients with IHD at three different clinical stages, to obtain the broad gut microbiota, plasma and urine metabolism of cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) group characteristics

Microbiome and metabolome features of the cardiometabolic disease spectrum