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    Home > Biochemistry News > Biotechnology News > Molecular map of 7 chromosomes in the wheat A genome.

    Molecular map of 7 chromosomes in the wheat A genome.

    • Last Update: 2020-08-10
    • Source: Internet
    • Author: User
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    Wheat is the world's most important food crop, feeding 40 per cent of the world's population and providing 20 per cent of the heat and protein needed by humans.
    China is the world's largest wheat production and consumption, with a perennial planting area of about 24 million hectares and an annual output of nearly 130 million tons.
    widely grown common wheat is a heterogeneous hexaplasm formed by two natural hybridizations, containing three sub-genomes A, B and D, its genome is large (about 17 Gb, 40 times the rice genome) and complex, more than 85% of the genomic DNA is a repetitive sequence, making genome sequencing research difficult and slow.
    trace back, Uraltu wheat (genome approx. 5 Gb) is the original duotoma donor to the A genome in ordinary wheat and other polyploid wheat (e.g., wild and cultivated quadriceps wheat, Timopheevii and Zhukoviskyi wheat, etc.).
    Therefore, uraltu wheat plays a fundamental and central role in the evolution of polyploid wheat.
    in response to the scientific challenge of wheat structural genome analysis, the wheat genome research team of the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, in collaboration with the GenomicSis Analysis Platform of the Institute of Genetic Development, has combined the Genome-wide PacBio sequencing with the latest physical physics The mapping technology (BioNano and 10x Genomics) resulted in genome sequencing and fine assembly of the Uraltu wheat material G1812, drawing a molecular map of seven chromosomes in the wheat A genome and annotateding 41,507 protein-coding genes.
    found that there was a significant amplification of the REM-type transcription factor gene involved in springing and flowering in the wheat genome.
    compared with rice, sorghum and short-shank grass genomes and collinear analysis, the evolution model of 7 chromosomes in the wheat A genome was promoted, and the change of chromosome structure in the wheat A genome evolved from diphmytose to tetraphier to hexagon.
    population genetics analysis shows that Uraltu wheat from the New Month region can be divided into three subgroups, its genetic diversity is closely related to altitude, and show that altitude plays an important role in uraltu wheat adaptation environment and the formation of important traits (such as white powder disease resistance).
    the study was published online on May 9 at 18:00 (London time) in the international academic journal Nature (Nature, DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0108-0).
    this is another major breakthrough in the development of the wheat genome using second-generation high-throughput sequencing techniques to create the first wheat A genome sketch (Ling et al., Nature, 2013).
    the completion of uraltu wheat genome sequencing and chromosomal fine mapping, the structure and expression characteristics of wheat A genome are fully revealed, which is of great theoretical and practical value for the in-depth and systematic study of the structure and functional genomics of wheat plants and the further promotion of the genetic improvement of cultivated wheat.
    also provides high-quality genomic information and a new perspective for domestic and foreign researchers to analyze the evolution and domestication of wheat genomes. The genetic information noted by the
    will help the fine positioning, cloning and functional analysis of wheat's important agronomic traits, and accelerate the genetic improvement and molecular design and breeding of cultivated wheat.
    will play an important role in enhancing the competitiveness of wheat industry, ensuring food security and improving efficiency and sustainable development of agriculture.
    the results were carried out by the National Key Laboratory for Plant Cell and Chromosomal Engineering of the Institute of Genetic Development, the Institute of Seed Innovation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Genetic Development Institute Genomic Analysis Platform, Huada Gene and The Netherlands Keygene Corporation.
    Ling Hongqing, Ma Bin, Shi Xiaoli, Dong Lingli, Liu Hui and Sun Huawei are co-first authors, and Ling Hongqing, Liang Chengzhi, Wang Daowen and Zhang Aimin are co-authors.
    the study was funded by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China.
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