Mortar technology 18 asked

1.
materials are the building mortars made up of
?
commonly used in building mortars
?: Building mortar is composed of inorglided gel materials, fine bone and water, and sometimes mixed with certain doping materials.
Building mortar is commonly used for masonry
(
such as brick, stone, masonry
)
structures, inside and outside the building surface
(
such as walls, floors, roofs
)
of the surface, large wall panels, masonry wall crevices, and decorative materials bonding.。 2.
is the construction mortar classified as
?
: Building mortar according to the use classification: can be divided into masonry mortar, paste mortar
China
. The surface mortar includes ordinary paste mortar, decorative paste mortar, and special mortar. Special mortar includes waterproof mortar, acid-resistant mortar, insulated mortar, sound-absorbing mortar and so on.
building mortar according to the gel material classification: can be divided into cement mortar, lime mortar, mixed mortar. Mixed mortar can be divided into: cement lime mortar, cement clay mortar, lime clay mortar, lime powder ash mortar and so on.
3.
is masonry mortar
?
the materials that make up the masonry mortar
?
: the brick, stone, masonry and other sand bonded into masonry is called masonry mortar.
of materials for masonry mortar: cement, other gel materials
(
such as lime paste, clay paste, etc.
)
, fine bone and water.
4.
should you pay attention to when choosing to build
?
: Cement can choose suitable cement varieties according to design requirements, masonry site and environmental conditions. Selecting medium- and low-strength cement can meet the requirements. Cement mortar using cement, its strength grade should not be greater than
32.5
grade
;
cement used in cement mixed mortar should not have a strength rating greater than
42.5
grade.
the ripe lime into lime paste, the application aperture is not greater than
3mm×3mm
mesh filtration, the ripe time shall not be less than
7
days
;
the ripe time of finely ground lime powder shall not be less than
2
days. The lime paste stored in the sedimentation pond should take measures to prevent drying, freezing and contamination. Do not use dehydrated hardened lime paste. The consistency of the lime paste used should be
at about
120mm.
sand should be used in cementing mortar, of which rough masonry should be used in coarse sand, its mud content should not exceed
5%;
intensity level is
M2.5
cement mixed mortar, the mud content of the sand should not exceed
10%
.
mixed mortar water, should choose no harmful impurities of clean water to mix mortar.
5.
the nature of the mortar after mixing with the
?
: the mixed mortar should have the following properties: meet and easy requirements of
;
to meet the design type and strength level requirements
;
have enough bonding force.
6.
does the nature of masonry mortar include
?
is included in the mortar and ease of
?
: The properties of masonry mortar include the magma and ease, the strength of the mortar and the bonding force of the mortar.
and susceptibles include fluidity and water preservation.
7.
is the fluidity of the mortar expressed, and what are the
?
: The fluidity of the mortar is also called consistency, which refers to the performance of the flow under the action of self-weight or external forces, expressed in

seeding degree .
large sinking degree, mortar fluidity is large, but the flow is too large, hardening strength will be reduced
;
if the flow is too small, it is not convenient for construction operation.
the size of mortar flow is related to masonry material type, construction conditions and climatic conditions. For porous water-absorbing masonry materials and dry hot weather, the fluidity of mortar is required to be
;
, on the contrary, requires less fluidity for dense, non-absorbent materials and wet and cold weather.
8.
what is the water-protecting nature of the mortar, what is the water-protecting nature of the mortar to express, and how does its requirements
?
: the ability of the new mortar to maintain moisture is called water preservation, water preservation also refers to the nature of the various components in the mortar is not easy to separate.
the water-protecting nature of the
is
"layered
"
said.
layering is appropriate between
10
20mm and must not be greater than
30mm
. The layering degree is
30mm
of mortar, easy to produce dissosis, not easy to
;
mortar with a stratage close to zero, it is prone to dry-shrink cracks.
9.
engineering often take pressure strength as the main technical indicator of mortar
?
the strength level of the mortar determine the
of
?
are the strength levels of masonry mortar
?
: the mortar mainly in the masonry to carry load. The test proves that the bonding strength and durability of the mortar are increased with the increase of the pressure strength, that is, there is a certain correlation between them, and the test method of the pressure strength is more mature, the test is simple and accurate, so the engineering often take the strength of the pressure as the main technical index of the mortar.
strength grade of the mortar is a cube test block with an edge length of
70.7mm
, in the standard maintenance conditions
(
cement mixed mortar temperature
20±2
degrees C
, relative humidity
60% to 80%;
cement mortar is
20±2
degrees C
, relative humidity
90%
above
)
, the pressure resistance of the
28
-day age is measured by the standard test method.
the strength level of the masonry mortar is
M20
、
M15
、
M10
、
M7.5
、
M5
、
M2.5
。
10.
factors that affect mortar strength in
?
: There are many factors that affect the strength of mortar. Experiments show that when the quality of raw materials is certain, the strength of mortar mainly depends on the grade of cement strength and the amount of cement used.
11.
are the bonding forces of the masonry mortar affected by
?
: The bonding force of masonry mortar increases with the increase of its strength, the higher the mortar strength level, the greater the bonding force. The bonding force of mortar is related to the surface state, cleanliness, moisture condition and construction maintenance conditions of masonry. Therefore, the masonry front brick to water moist, its moisture content is controlled at
10% to 15%
or so, the surface is not soiled, in order to improve the bonding force between the mortar and brick, to ensure the quality of masonry.
12.
basic requirements should be met by the masonry mortar matching than the design
?
: Masonry mortar matching ratio design should meet the following basic requirements:
(1)
mortar mixing and ease should meet the construction requirements, and mixing volume density: cement mortar
≮
1900kg/m3;
cement mixed mortar
≮
1800 kg/m3
.
(2)
strength and durability of the masonry mortar should meet the design requirements.
(3)
should be economically reasonable and the amount of cement and mixed materials should be less.
13.
are the applications of masonry mortar in
?
: Cement mortar should be used for masonry wet environment and high strength requirements of masonry
;
cement lime mortar should be used for masonry in the dry environment of masonry
;
walls of multi-storey houses are generally of a strength rating of
M5
cement lime mortar
;
brick columns, brick arches, reinforced brick beams, etc. generally use the strength level of
Cement mortar
M5 to M10
;
brick foundation is generally used at no less than
Cement mortar
the M5
;
low-lying houses or bungalows can be made of
;
simple houses can be made of lime clay mortar.
14.
what are the requirements for face-
?
: the surface mortar requirements have a good and easy, easy to apply into a uniform flat thin layer, easy to construct. There should also be a high bonding force, the mortar layer should be able to bond firmly with the bottom surface, long-term will not crack or fall off. In a humid environment or vulnerable to external forces
(
such as the ground, wall skirts,
)
, should also have a high water resistance and strength.
15.
are the main functions of ordinary surface mortar
?
: The function of ordinary surface mortar is mainly to protect the wall, the ground from wind and rain and harmful impurities, improve moisture, corrosion, weathering performance, increase durability
;
can also make the building surface flat, clean and beautiful.
16.
does this mean to apply
?
the different types of materials that can be divided into different types according to the construction function of
?
: Any mortar applied to the surface of a building or building component is collectively referred to as a face mortar.
Depending on the surface mortar function, the surface mortar can be divided into ordinary surface mortar, decorative mortar and surface mortar with certain special functions
(
such as waterproof mortar, insulated mortar, sound-absorbing mortar, acid
-resistant mortar, etc.)
.
17.
ordinary surface mortar is usually divided into several layers of construction
?
the roles and requirements of each layer of mortar
?
: Ordinary surface mortar is usually divided into two or three layers for construction. Each layer of mortar requires different requirements, so each layer of selected mortar is not the same. Generally the bottom mortar to bond the role of the base, the mortar should have a good and easy and high bonding force, so the bottom mortar water preservation is better, otherwise the moisture is easy to be absorbed by the base material and affect the bonding force of the mortar. Rough surfaces of the base are beneficial for bonding with the mortar. The middle dust is mainly to find flat, sometimes can be used. The surface layer is mainly for the sake of flat and beautiful, so fine sand should be selected.
18.
the bottom of a brick wall, slab wall or slab roof, concrete wall, etc., as well as a collision-prone or damp place,
?
: for the bottom of the brick wall to dust, more use of lime mortar
;
used to coat the bottom of a slab wall or slab roof with mixed mortar or lime mortar
;
, concrete walls, beams, columns, roofs and other bottom dusting more mixed mortar, machete lime pulp or pulp lime pulp.
。