Multiple articles focus on new results in thymus research!

In this article, we compiled several important research results and shared them with you by focusing on new achievements made by scientists in the field of thymus research! Photo credit: Nature, 2020, doi:10.1038/s41586-020-03071-0 Nature: The thymus plays a vital role in a healthy pregnancy doi:10.1038/s41586 -020-03071-0 In a new study, researchers from research institutions such as the University of British Columbia in Canada, the Medical University of Vienna in Austria, the Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences and the Karolinska Institute in Sweden have for the first time discovered the importance of a small gland hidden behind the chest bone that prevents miscarriage and diabetes in pregnant women.
they found that the organ, called the thymus, plays an important role in metabolic control and immunity during pregnancy.
findings, published online December 23, 2020 in the journal Nature, have puzzled scientists for decades about how the immune system adapts to support mothers and fetuses.
new study reveals an answer.
the researchers found that estrogen directs important changes in the thymus ---a central organ of the immune system--- that produce specialized cells called regulatory T-cells (Tregs) to cope with physiological changes during pregnancy.
they also identified RANK, a subject expressed in the epithrine cells of the thymus, as the key molecule behind this mechanism.
researchers say we know that RANK is expressed in the thymus, but its role in pregnancy is unknown.
to better understand this, the researchers studied mice that removed RANK from their thymus.
lack of RANK prevented Treg from being produced in the thymus during pregnancy.
this leads to fewer Tregs in the placenta, leading to an increase in miscarriage rates.
: Scientists have successfully used human stem cells to build a fully functional thymus tissue doi:10.1038/s41467-020-20082-7, a study published in the international journal Nature Communications entitled "Reconstitution of a function" In a study by human thymus by postnatal stromal progenitor cells and natural whole-organ scaffolds, scientists from institutions such as the Francis Crick Institute have reconstructed the human thymus, an important organ of the immune system, using human stem cells and a bioengineered stent, in an important step toward developing artificial thymus for transplantation.
The thymus is a major organ in the thymus cavity and a resident of T lymphocytes, which play a key role in the maturation of the immune system, and if the thymus does not function properly or does not form during fetal development, it induces the body to develop serious immunodeficiency and other diseases, i.e. the body is unable to protect against infectious diseases or cancerous cells (or autoimmune cells), i.e. the immune system mistakenly attacks the patient's own healthy tissue.
In this proof-of-concept study, researchers reconstructed thymus tissue using stem cells extracted from patients who had to have their organs removed by surgery, and when transplanted into mice, the bioengineered thymus supported the maturation and functional development of human T lymphocytes.
Although researchers have previously reconstructed parts of other organs or organs, for the first time in this study, researchers have reconstructed a fully functioning human thymus;
researcher Professor Sara Campinoti said: 'This study reveals that we may be using human cells to reconstruct functional thymus and hopefully develop thymus tissue that could be used for transplantation in the future.'
3 Science: Building the first human thymus cell map, revealing the origins of the human immune system, opens the door to the development of new cancer immunotherapy doi:10.1126/science.aay3224 The first cell map of the human thymus may lead to new immunotherapy to treat cancer and autoimmune diseases.
Now, in a new study, researchers from research institutions such as the University of Newcastle in the UK, the Welcombe Foundation Sanger Institute and the University of Ghant in Belgium have mapped thymus tissue through its lifetime to understand how it develops and produces important immune cells called T-cells.
, this information could help scientists build artificial thymus and design improved therapeutic T-cells.
study was published in the journal Science.
human thymus map reveals new cell types and identifies signals that indicate how immature immune cells develop into T-cells.
could also help scientists understand diseases that affect T-cell development, such as severe comprehensive immunodeficiency (SCID), and add them to the Human Cell Atlas program being built.
thymus is located in the chest and produces T-cells, the key white blood cells that fight infections and diseases.
these T-cells then leave the thymus and enter the bloodstream and other parts of the body for further maturation.
T-cells to find and destroy invading bacteria and viruses, but also to identify cancer cells and kill them.
: How Thymus function affects the occurrence of heart disease doi:10.1111/joim.13189Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (also known as stress cardiomyopathy or "heartbreak syndrome") was clinically defined only about 30 years ago.
it is characterized by acute, severe myocardial dysfuncation, usually caused by extreme emotional and psychological stress.
if found and treated correctly at an early stage, the prognostication of most patients is usually beneficial.
, however, the acute phase of the disease can lead to complex and even life-threatening processes.
have long suspected a strong correlation between the occurrence of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy and thyroid disease.
team from Bochum and Mannheim has now systematically tested thyroid metabolism in many cases of Takotsubo syndrome and compared it to healthy people and heart attack patients.
Using artificial intelligence and systems biology models, researchers found a strong correlation between thyroid function and Takotsubo syndrome in two subtypes.
form, the so-called endocrine type, is hyperthyroidism, which increases the risk of heart disease.
form, the so-called stress type, is caused by an increase in the target value of thyroid regulation, which may be directly related to stress events.
, it is not possible to prove the direct effect of thyroid hormones on the heart.
: REVEALing the mysterious role of the thymus in a woman's immune response during pregnancy Doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2018.09.023, a study published in the international journal Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunolog In the study, scientists from the University of Linschepin in Sweden found that the body's immune system may change during pregnancy, but perhaps not as previously thought, noting that the thymus is an immune system organ located near the heart that plays a key role in a woman's normal pregnancy, ensuring that the body's immune system is resistant to multiple infections and is also resistant to the fetus.
For decades, scientists have been curious about how effectively a woman's body deals with contradictions when she is pregnant, namely, that on the one hand, the mother's immune system adapts and does not react strongly to exclude the fetus (half of the genes come from the father, so for the mother it is an alien substance), and on the other hand, the immune system must also provide effective protection against multiple infections. In the
article, the researchers analyzed how the body's immune system changes during normal pregnancy, especially in the thymus, a small organ with immune regulation, which plays a central role in the development of the body's immune system T cells, which act as commanders to determine the immune system's response, ensuring that the body is resistant to its own cells while protecting it from pathogens such as bacteria and viruses.
photo source: medicalxpress.com 6 Science Sub-Journal: The latest developments! Research has found new molecules that promote thymus regeneration! doi:10.1126/sciimmunol.aal2736 With the oncology immunotherapy going to the clinic, T-cells, a powerful tumor killer in the immune system, have also become the subject of much debate after tea.
but where do T-cells come from? In fact, T cells come from the organ hidden behind them, the thymus, and T cells are named for it.
a new paper published in Science Immunology has found that a molecule called BMP4 plays an important role in thymus regeneration.
a recent interview, Dr. Jarrod Dudakov of the Frod Hudkinson Cancer Research Center, one of the study's leaders, detailed the importance of the thymus, their findings on thymus regeneration, and their plans for the next step.
hope to translate their findings into new treatments to improve the function of the immune system in older adults and make immunotherapy more effective.
to the immune system, the thymus is like a recruit's dorm.
immature white blood cells migrate from their place of birth, bone marrow, to the thymus.
eventually develops into an effect cell with lethality.
healthy, active thymus allows you to have a variety of different T-cells, each well-equipped to identify and kill different foreign invaders.
so the organ is essential for the immune system to fight foreign invasions.
: New artificial thymus can continuously produce large quantities of cancer-fighting T-cell doi through blood stem cells: 10.1038/nmeth.4237 Recently, a study published internationally In a study published in the journal Nature Methods, researchers from the University of California, Los Angeles (ULCA) developed a new system to make human T-cells, a key white blood cell that helps the body defend against foreign invaders who induce disease.
the system could be used to engineer T-cells and help find and attack cancer cells, meaning researchers may be able to continue to get supplies of T-cells in the future to help treat multiple cancer types, the researchers said.
Thymus is located in front of the heart and plays a key role in the functioning of the body's immune system, which typically uses blood stem cells to make T-cells that help the body fight infections and remove cancer cells;
T cells produced in the thymus can obtain a special receptor molecule called a receptor that helps T cells find and destroy virally infected cells or cancer cells.
Using this process, researchers may be able to do more in-depth research in the field of cancer research, and now scientists have found that using specially targeted cancer-targeted subjects to equip large numbers of T-cells, or step-by-step T-cell immunotherapy, may be able to perform well in clinical trials.
: Scientists find intestinal cluster cells in the thymus that play a key role in blocking autoimmune response doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0345-2doi:10.101 6/j.cell.2018.05.014 Researchers at the University of California, San Francisco recently discovered fully formed intestinal and skin cells in the thymus, a lemon-sized organ located in front of the heart that "trains" T-cells in the immune system so that they don't attack the body's own tissues.
findings from studying mice may help to better understand what causes autoimmune problems in humans.
cells in the myelin region of the thymus have a direct task: they are programmed to randomly express a set of proteins that characterize the body's tissues in order to "train" newborn T cells, immune cells responsible for protecting the body from invasive pathogens.
if immature T cells respond positively to these "friendly" proteins, the thymus either clears them or retrains them as regulatory T-cells (Tregs) that inhibit inflammation of tissue in the body.
quality control in the thymus can lead to autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis.
<!--ewebeditor:page-title--"> Now, in a new study, researchers at the Diabetes Center at the University of California, San Francisco, have discovered that the thymus is called Hassall'corpuscles. Tiny cell clusters, also translated as thymus glands --- its function has been a scientific mystery for more than 150 years--- are made up of more complex epithelial and sensory cells, similar to mature cells in the skin and intestines.
, they found that Hershey's small bodies were clustered with tufts