Nat Com: Be wary of diphtheria antimicrobial resistance threatening the world again

Diphtheria is a respiratory disease caused by the bacillus diphtheria, which is spread mainly through coughing, sneezing or close contact with an infected person.

Diphtheria is a respiratory disease caused by the bacillus diphtheria, which is spread mainly through coughing, sneezing or close contact with an infected person.

biopharma-reporter

biopharma-reporter

In the 1930s, scientists developed vaccines based on toxins, which brought the disease under high control.

antibiotic

Recently, a research team from the University of Cambridge reported that diphtheria is evolving into resistance to certain types of antibiotics, and may lead to the escape of vaccines in the future, once again becoming a major global threat.

Diphtheria is evolving to become resistant to certain types of antibiotics, and in the future may lead to the escape of vaccines, once again becoming a major global threat.

The researcher described the genomic variation of 502 diphtheria isolates from 16 countries and regions in 122 years, used genomics to draw infection maps, analyzed the genomes of 61 bacteria, and compared these bacteria with 441 public genomes.

Global and Indian diphtheria core gene phylogeny and changes in toxin gene variants over the past decade

Global and Indian diphtheria core gene phylogeny and changes in toxin gene variants over the past decade

Through analysis, the researchers found genetically similar bacterial clusters isolated from multiple continents, the most common being Asia and Europe.

Diphtheria bacillus has been established in humans for at least a century, and has spread globally with the migration of populations.

Use PHYRE2 to map 6 non-synonym mutations to the protein database's diphtheria toxin model 1XDT

Use PHYRE2 to map 6 non-synonym mutations to the protein database's diphtheria toxin model 1XDT

The representative of the mutation ratio of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes and toxin genes in 122 diphtheria genomes

The representative of the mutation ratio of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes and toxin genes in 122 diphtheria genomes

When the research team looked for genes that might confer some degree of antibiotic resistance, they found that the average number of AMR genes per genome was increasing every ten years.

The results of this study confirmed the existence of antimicrobial resistance genes in 291 toxin+ isolates and the mutations within the toxin genes.

As mentioned above, the main pathogenic component of Diphtheria bacillus is the diphtheria toxin encoded by the toxin gene.

Professor Gordon Dougan of the Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Diseases (CITIID) said that the diphtheria vaccine is designed to neutralize toxins, so any genetic variation that changes the structure of the toxin may affect the effectiveness of the vaccine.

The immune diphtheria vaccine is designed to neutralize the toxin, so any genetic variation that changes the structure of the toxin may affect the effectiveness of the vaccine.

Original source:

Robert C.

Robert C.

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