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Nat Commun: Is the H1N1 influenza virus a direct descendant of the 1918 influenza strain?

 Last Update: 2022-08-11
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Seasonal H1N1 influenza virus circulating in recent years, possibly a direct descendant of the 1918 influenza strain

Guided reading

The 1918 influenza was a deadly pandemic that broke out between January 1918 and April 1920, infecting about a quarter of the world's population at that time, and killing about 50 million to 100 million peop.

A hundred years later, scientists from Europe have discovered that the influenza A H1N1 virus that has been nuisanceing humans in recent years may be a direct descendant of the 1918 influenza stra.

On May 10, the researchers conducted a detailed genomic analysis of European samples during the 1918 pandemic, which was published in Nature Communicatio.

What is the relationship between H1N1 and the 1918 flu? What do they tell us about the COVID-19 pandemic we are experiencing?

Is the Influenza A (H1N1) virus related to the 1918 influenza strain? This question has puzzled scientists for decades and finally has a solid explanation tod.

On May 10, a study published in "Nature Communications" gave a subversive conclusion: the seasonal H1N1 influenza virus may be a direct descendant of the 1918 influenza strain that caused the global influenza pandem.

The research article, Archival influenza virus genomes from Europe reveal genomic variability during the 1918 pandemic, which translates to "Archival influenza virus genomes from Europe reveals genomic variability during the 1918 pandemic," explains in detail results of this stu.

A H1N1 strain and the 1918 pandemic virus "renew the frontier"?

Unlike general seasonal influenza viruses, the H1N1 virus strain contains gene segments from three influenza viruses, swine influenza, avian influenza and human influen.

As an acute respiratory infectious disease, influenza A (H1N1) has been widespread worldwide since 200 By August 2010, the World Health Organization declared the end of the influenza A (H1N1) pandem.

At the time, almost no one connected the H1N1 flu with the 1918 pandemic a hundred years a.

H1N1 virus electron microscope picture

In April 2009, WHO conducted a study of the first cases infected with the virus at that time and confirmed that the virus was H1N The WHO said analysis of laboratory samples showed that the new virus had never previously circulated in huma.

This is equivalent to the WHO affirming the identity of the H1N1 influenza as a "new virus" at that ti.

This conclusion did not make scientists give up studying the clues between it and the 1918 f.

After more than a decade of work, researchers have finally found a cryptic clue by conducting a detailed genomic analysis of European samples during the 1918 pandem.

In this paper, the researchers analyzed 13 lung samples collected in the historical archives of German and Austrian museums from various individuals, collected between 1901 and 1931, of which six samples were collected from 1918 and 1919 during the pandem.

Figure: Details of 13 archive samples

Of these samples, the researchers sequenced three of them (two incomplete genomes collected in Berlin in June 1918 and one complete genome collected in Munich in 191

Figure: Three lung specimens with IAVreads identified

The authors argue that the genomic diversity of these samples is consistent with a combination of indigenous dispersal and long-distance dispersal even.

By comparing genomes before and after the peak of the pandemic, they found differences in nucleoprotein genes -- differences that are associated with resistance to the antiviral response and may have helped the virus adapt to huma.

Not only that, but the researchers also modeled molecular clocks, a method that can be used to estimate the time scale of evoluti.

They found that all genome segments of the seasonal H1N1 influenza virus may be direct descendants of the initial strain of the 1918 pandem.

This conclusion refutes other hypotheses that the seasonal virus arises from genetic recombination, the exchange of genome segments from different virus.

The implication is that the H1N1 strain is not a random recombination of different viruses in natu.

The authors stress that their sample size is still extremely limited, but the study provides further insight into the evolution and development of the 1918 influenza pandemic, which also demonstrates the invaluable value of consulting historical archiv.

Apocalypse of the Great Pandemic: From Pandemic to H1N1

The 1918 pandemic, which killed between 50 million and 100 million people worldwide, was a profound less.

Much of what we know about the spread and timing of this flu comes from historical sources and medical records, which show that the pandemic peaked in the fall of 1918 and continued into the winter of 191

However, it wasn't until the 1930s that it was confirmed that the source was a viral infection, after which studies showed that the culprit was the influenza A virus (IA.

But genome analysis of the 1918 virus has been difficult to carry out because of the very few virus sequences left at the ti.

These obstacles have not stopped human resear.

As the worst influenza pandemic in recent human history, the 1918 pandemic claimed a huge number of liv.

At a time when we are still enduring the threat of a new coronavirus pandemic, the joint study of the 1918 influenza and the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) will improve our understanding of the deadliest influenza pandemics in modern histo.

Of course, this study in Nature Communications is not the first to study the relationship between the 1918 pandemic and the H1N1 vir.

Scientists have long suspected the relationship between the 1918 pandemic virus and the H1N1 influenza vir.

An article titled "Origin and Evolution of the 1918 Spanish Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Gene" published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) in February 1999 shows that researchers have successfully sequenced the 1918 influenza The full-length HA gene sequence of the vir.

The results show that there are many mammalian features in the HA gene of the 1918 influenza virus, and the analysis results are more like human or porcine viruses, which are closely related to the H1N1 virus discovered in the futu.

Coincidentally, another group of early sequencing experiments also concluded that the gene fragments of the 1918 influenza are more similar to the H1N1 influenza virus found in other mamma.

But other studies have refuted the link between the two virus.

Another experiment at that time on some recombinant influenza viruses involving the genes of the 1918 influenza virus showed that a group of eight genes together constituted the unusually deadly virus of 1918, so it was extremely special and could not be equated with H1N1 influenza vir.

The different results of this series of experiments show that until today, the link between the H1N1 virus and the 1918 influenza virus has not been clarifi.

Source alln.

com

The discovery that influenza A H1N1 may be a descendant of the 1918 pandemic virus shows that the 1918 pandemic virus has been lurki.

Although it has almost disappeared from people's sight in the past hundred years, it may have been undergoing constant mutation in the da.

If you think about it, this is similar to the novel coronavirus we are experiencing right n.

From influenza virus to new coronavirus

At this point, we have to think about this question: Did the 1918 flu really go away?

In fact, with or without the new coronavirus, we are in an era of epidemi.

The pandemic influenza virus has existed in our living environment since 1918, but as it mutated, its virulence was gradually weaken.

By the time of H1N1 in 2009, it had become much weak.

Today, we can effectively combat the damage and infection of the body by the H1N1 virus through vaccination and other mea.

But what we cannot ignore is that the mutation of the virus is not direction.

From the original new coronavirus strain, to the highly virulent Delta strain, and now to the highly infectious Omicron family, the new coronavirus has not stopped its pa.

While we have come a long way since 1918 in areas such as health technology, disease surveillance, healthcare, drugs, vaccines, and epidemiological planning, our understanding of the virus is only the tip of the iceberg, and the global response to the pandemic will also require Continuous improveme.

Original source:

Patrono, LV, Vrancken,.

, Budt,.

et .

Archival influenza virus genomes from Europe reveal genomic variability during the 1918 pandemi.

Nat Commun 13, 2314 (202
https://d.

org/11038/s41467 -022-29614- Archival influenza virus genomes from Europe reveal genomic variability during the 1918 pandemic

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