Nat Commun: Reveals the molecular process by which the body genome controls early human development.

14, 2020 // -- In a recent study published in the international journal Nature Communications, scientists from the University of Manchester and others revealed the molecular mechanisms by which the genome controls the development of multiple organs in multiple organisms important to life;
Photo Source: Pixabay/CC0 Public Domain Although there are about 30,000 genes in the body that have the code to make each protein in each cell, surprisingly, these genes make up only 2% of the human body's DNA, all of which is made up of The chemical cell composition, known as base pairs, was previously thought by researchers to be "junk" DNA for the rest of DNA (non-coding regions), and then realized that the broad genome blueprint for so-called non-coding regions (98 percent of the genome) actually had secrets that perfectly controlled gene expression or closure.
This may explain how the genome creates every different tissue in the body, but the problem is that until now, researchers didn't know how the first assembly of human organs took place; more and more individuals are now born with congenital diseases of the heart, kidneys, brain and limbs, but none of these genes are significantly defective, and researchers can use a new generation of sequencing techniques to quickly and effectively read the genome information of the patient's body.
However, searching for 3 billion base genomes to solve a problem is a daunting task, like looking for a needle in a haystack, and using next-generation sequencing techniques, researchers were able to target functional parts of non-coding areas, which they found accounted for about 3 percent of the genome.
By narrowing the scope of key areas, researchers may be able to diagnose diseases in patients, and the researchers note that the results of this paper also help us understand the fundamentals and rules of fetal organ occurrence, the most critical period of a woman's pregnancy, during which the body's tissue is first assembled through the most basic ancestral cells.
In this, it's especially important to make sure that only the right genes are turned on at each different location, and now we know the precise patterns of gene regulation in each organ, and then the researchers confirmed their findings with research using developing zebrafish and laboratory stem cells, finding that key non-coding areas of the human genome can properly light up green fluorescent proteins, even in fish. Professor Neil Hanley, a
researcher, said that uncovering the mysteries of the human genome could help scientists shed light on previously unresolved genetic changes that could help shed light on problems in patients or their parents' bodies, and that over time researchers may have hope of solving or avoiding the repetition or occurrence of the disease.
The key to this study is that researchers have revealed how specific key genes are turned on at the right time and place, and how faulty genes are precisely turned off, and the findings may help scientists develop treatments or preventive measures to treat a variety of congenital diseases in humans.
() Originals: Gerrard, D.T., Berry, A.A., Jennings, R.E. et al. Dynamics changes in the epigenomic landscape regulate human organogenesis and link to developmental disorders. Nat Commun 11, 3920 (2020). doi:10.1038/s41467-020-17305-2.