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The thymus gland is an important lymphatic organ of the body, and its function is closely related to immunity, consisting of
It is well known that a healthy immune system can resist foreign substances that are "visited" at any time, such as attacking and destroying invading bacteria, viruses, etc.
Within the thymus, myeloid epithelial cells (mTEC) expressing autoimmune regulators (Aire) play a key role
At the heart of establishing tolerance to the gut microbiome is the differentiation of naïve T cells into peripheral Treg (pTreg) cells
On September 7, 2022, researchers at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and The Will Cornell School of Medicine in New York, USA, published a research paper
The study identified a new class of antigen-presenting cells expressing the characteristic transcription factor RORγt in the intestinal lymph nodes, and revealed its parallel pathways to establish tolerance to self and foreign antigens in the thymus and peripherals, respectively, and the key role played, providing a cellular basis
In the new study, the team discovered a new class of RORγt+ antigen-presenting cells (APCs), called Thetis cells (TCs
The team found that during the critical early life window, the Thetis cells in the intestinal lymph nodes experienced a wave of developmental peaks, which coincided
In the study, the researchers analyzed 3-week-old MHCIIΔRORγt mice, when peripheral Treg (pTreg) cells were enriched
Histological analysis showed that severe colitis had significant inflammatory cell infiltration, mucosal ulceration and crypt shedding, confirming the key role
By identifying specific genes for cell types, the researchers selectively targeted either classical dendritic cells (cDC) or type 3 innate lymphocytes (ILC3), confirming that neither cDC nor ILC3 contributed to
The researchers said that while the exact development of individual Thetis cells remains to be determined, one notable finding is the expression
Within the thymus, Aire+mTEC guides T cell tolerance
In summary, the new study discovered a new class of tolerant antigen-presenting cell types
The team said further exploration of Thetis cell biology could yield key insights into immune tolerance mechanisms and the pathogenesis of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases
Original source:
Akagbosu, B.