Nature: A paper reveals 568 cancer-driven genes.

Cancer is characterized by mutations and other changes in the cell genome that cause cell growth to spiral out of control.
a tumor can have hundreds or thousands of mutations, but only a few mutations are critical to its ability to cause cancer.
these key mutations affect the function of cancer-driven genes.
finding the gene that hides this cancer-driven mutation is one of the main goals of cancer research and the key to developing more effective cancer detection and treatment methods.
10, scientists at the Institute of Biomedical Research in Barcelona and others published their findings on Nature Reviews Cancer, providing the most complete compilation of cancer-driven genes to date.
identified 568 cancer-driven genes and pointed out how their tumors occur.
this study provides a major update to the integrated cancer genome (IntOGens) platform data.
this research approach to the growing data set of somtic cell tumor mutations will help us to continuously improve our understanding of the genetic basis of cancer.
: Nature Reviews Cancer Specifically, researchers analyzed data from 28,076 samples from 221 queues of 66 different types of cancer.
most of these samples are contributed by a large amount of sequencing work, such as International Cancer Genome (ICGC, 3,988 samples), Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA, 10,010 samples), Pan-Cancer Analysis of Wholes (PCAWG, 2,554 samples), AndyAlly Research to Generate Effectives (TARGET, 246 samples).
application of the IndoGen platform in tumor mutation data set.
tumor mutation data set collected from the public domain to build the current driver gene assembly map.
two doughned charts represent all data sets by source (left) or cancer type (right).
in both graphs, the inside ring represents a queue from primary/metastasis/recurrence tumors, while the second ring highlights a queue of adult or pediatric tumors.
(Photo Source: Nature Reviews Cancer) Cancer-driven genes play a key role in regulating cell growth, cell cycles, and DNA replication, and when these genes mutate, especially those that mediate the rapid proliferation and proliferation of malignant cells, cancer cells can evade the host immune system and other defense systems, spreading and invading other tissues, while these cancer cells also alter the environment for their own development.
This systematic compilation not only increases our understanding of the role of cancer genes, but also identifies 152 potential new driver genes, namely those that are not annotated in Cancer Gene Census (CGC, incomplete but, to the author's knowledge, the most comprehensive and accurate set of proven cancer genes from the literature( figure a below).
mutation-driven gene compilation map (Photo: Nature Reviews Cancer) In which five genes not annotated by CGC at the bottom of Figure c above have been independently studied to link tumor occurrence: Krueppel-factor 5 (KLF5) encodes a transcription factor involved in the regulation of human development and has been identified as a cancer-driven gene.
, after different mechanisms, positive selection signals were shown in cervical squamous cell carcinoma, bladder cancer, and lung squamous cortical cell carcinoma.
by-side homodomain-containing 7 (BRD7) have been annotated in CGC and are assumed to be co-activators of SMAD transcription factors in the process of promoting melanoma and liver cancer.
THE RAS GTP enzyme activation protein 1 (RASA1) increases RAS-mediated signaling by expressing reduced or dysfunctional mutations in human bronchine endocrine cells and melanoma cell lines.
also associated with tumor-promoting function of triple-negative breast cancer.
Because RASA1 encodes proteins like neurofibrin 1 (NF1) encode proteins, negatively regulate the RAS-MAPK path, both genes are considered tumor suppressors, and their mutation patterns indicate this.
lysine-specific demethylase 3B (KDM3B) has been shown to be (1) involved in cell cycle regulation of hepatocellular carcinoma and (2) as an activator of the WNT signaling pathline in colorectal cancer stem cells.
although both studies have shown that KDM3B acts as a cancer-causing gene in tumor occurrence, another report notes that mutations in some of its systems can lead to susceptivity to Wilms tumors.
, the exact manner in which KDM3B works in tumor occurrence has yet to be determined.
genes that encode forkhead boxes (forkhead boxes, FOX) transcription factors are noted in CGC as drivers of several malignancies (e.g., FOXA1 for breast and prostate cancer and FOXR1 for neuroblastoma).
FOXA2 mutations, which are often found in uterine cancer, tend to affect the DNA binding domain or cause protein products to be truncated, making it impossible to locate the nucleus.
some of these mutant forms are known to cause a decrease in the expression of the CDH1 gene (coded E-cadherin), so in some tumor progressions are associated with the transformation of endotrine cells into interstuped cells.
addition, by identifying 568 cancer-driven genes, the researchers found that most of them were highly specific, and that their mutations could cause only a few tumors.
, however, less than 2% (10) of the genes are widespread and can cause more than 20 different types of cancer (see chart below).
, who led the study at Nature Reviews Cancer, said: "Uncovering these cancer drivers is important because cancer researchers provide important knowledge that has important implications for clinical decision-making.
example, if researchers know that tumors' ability to develop depends on specific proteins, approved targeted therapies can be used to treat cancer patients, such as antibodies and other inhibitors that inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells.
" it is worth mentioning that the research's compilation data and processing system is available on the indoGen platform (access).
researchers say they will continue to collect tumor sequencing data to produce a more comprehensive compilation map, which readers can view on the IntoGen website.
, attach a list of 568 cancer-driven genes: Source: intOGen References: #release1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A compendium of mutational cancer driver genes. Nature reviews cancer (2020) 3 s 568 genes identified with the potential to trigger cancer (Source: Medical press)