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Malignant tumors can enhance their ability to survive and spread by suppressing nearby anti-tumor immune cells, but a study led by researchers at Weill Cornell School of Medicine and New York Presbyterian School of Medicine has discovered a new method To combat this immunosuppressive effect
In the study published in the journal Nature Cancer on September 20, researchers discovered a group of anti-immunosuppressive factors that can be secreted by club cells located in the airways of the lungs
Inhibition of MDSCs leads to an increase in the number of anti-tumor T cells at the tumor site, which greatly improves the effectiveness of FDA-approved PD1 immunotherapy
"The factors secreted by these club cells can render the immunosuppressive cells ineffective, otherwise these cells would help tumors evade an effective anti-tumor response," said co-senior author Dr.
This research is part of an extensive scientific effort in recent decades to find ways to use the immune system to fight cancer
In this new study, Dr.
Using a mouse model of non-small cell lung cancer, the most common lung cancer, they confirmed for the first time that this effect reached a moderate dose of radiation and caused a four-fold, 40%, proportion of survivors of ICI-treated mice suffering from tumors.
The researchers later discovered that radiation achieves this effect by activating and stimulating the proliferation of club cells that reside in the lungs
"We may see that at a specific radiation dose, these cells are stimulated at a peak, because the low dose does not stress the cells enough, and the high dose kills them," said Dr.
The activated club cells secrete various molecules.
They also determined that this immune restoration effect of club cell molecules stems from their suppression of mdscs, which has long been regarded as an obstacle to improving the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy
In order to confirm the relevance of these laboratory findings to human cancer, researchers observed serum samples from lung cancer patients in a clinical trial of radiation therapy plus ICI.
Researchers are now working to determine which molecules in the club cocktail are most important for suppressing MDSCs and enhancing cancer treatment
"We hope that these secreted molecules can not only enhance the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, but also the treatment of other cancer patients," said Dr.
Gao.
"These molecules can also be used as biomarkers to predict the response of combined radiotherapy and immunotherapy
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