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There are two types of fat in the body, brown and white.
white fat accumulates under the skin, storing excess calories, while brown fat is responsible for breaking down the fat that causes obesity, converting the latter into carbon dioxide, water and calories that do not store heat themselves.
of these, mammalian fat cells are white fat, and small animals and human newborns have large amounts of brown fat, and these cells have large amounts of mitochondrials that consume energy-producing calories more efficiently than white fat.
So in 2020, a study published in the journal Science Translational Medicine suggests that one potential treatment for obesity is to use CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing techniques (yes, the 2020 Nobel Prize-winning "magic shear") to genetically transform brown fat and then transplant brown-like fat cells to boost energy consumption.
, obesity increases the risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, with the exception of "brown fat."
As early as 2003, studies reported an increase in the intake of glucose analoga 18F-fluoride deoxygenated glucose (18F-FDG) marked on a positive electron emission fault scan (PET) in the area corresponding to the fat on the collarbone during a computer fault scan (CT), indicating the presence of metabolicly active brown fat in the adult class.
this kind of organization arouses the strong interest of researchers.
, researchers from Rockefeller University in the United States explored the relationship between brown fat and cardiovascular metabolic health, and the results were published in the latest issue of the journal Nature Medicine.
researchers reviewed 139,224 18F-FDG PET/CT reports from June 2009 to March 2018 on 53,475 patients at the Caitlin Cancer Center (MSKCC), a protocol that reported the status of brown fat in each study.
found brown fat on 18F-FDG PET/CT scans in 7,923 (5.7%) of 5,070 (9.5%) patients.
to assess the accuracy of the report, the researchers conducted a manual review of all scans and reported brown fat results conducted in 2016.
of the 1,139 scans reported for brown fat in 2016, 1,132 (99.4%) PET scans showed an increase in 18F-FDG intake in the area where brown fat was identified in typical positions (neck, collarbone, underarm, vertical, spinal side and abdomen).
, the researchers analyzed the relationship between brown fat and disease based on the use or effect of brown fat and the combination of sex, age, BMI and outdoor temperature.
results showed that only 4.6 percent of people who detected brown fat had type 2 diabetes and 18.9 percent had abnormal cholesterol, while 9.5 percent of people without brown fat had type 2 diabetes and 22.2 percent had abnormal cholesterol.
analysis showed a 56 percent reduction in the risk of type 2 diabetes among people who detected brown fat.
addition, the increase in brown fat was associated with significant improvements in blood sugar, triglycerides and HDL cholesterol levels.
, people who detected brown fat had a 32 percent lower risk of coronary artery disease, a 23 percent lower risk of cerebrovascular disease, a 38 percent lower risk of congestive heart failure, and a 15 percent lower risk of hypertension.
, brown fat appears to play a greater role in obese people.
also obese, with less than half (7.5 percent vs 20.3 percent) of people with brown fat detected in their bodies.
, the researchers note that brown fat may mitigate the negative health effects of obesity.
, not all fats are harmful.
, at least, current results suggest that brown adipose tissue has a potentially important role in heart metabolic health and suggests its therapeutic potential for humans.
reference: Becher T, et al. Brown adipose tissue is associated with cardiometabolic health. Nat Med. 2021 Jan; 27(1):58-65. doi:10.1038/s41591-020-1126-7. MedSci Original Source: MedSci Original Copyright Notice: All text, images and audio and video materials on this website that indicate "Source: Mets Medicine" or "Source: MedSci Original" are owned by Mets Medicine and are not authorized to be reproduced by any media, website or individual, and are authorized to be reproduced with the words "Source: Mets Medicine".
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