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In recent years, CAR-T cells have provided powerful tools for treating cancer.
this therapy allows T cells to identify specific cells and remove them by transforming the patient's own immune T cells to express chime antigens (CAR).
in addition to targeting cancer cells, designing different CAR can also allow T cells to identify and remove other types of diseased cells.
study, scientists designed a new CAR-T cell that specifically targets HIV-infected cells.
because the main target of HIV infection is T cells, so this CAR-T cell in addition to being able to survive and multiply in the body, it also needs to be able to resist HIV infection.
the Immune T cells that express CD4 (Photo: NIH) from HIV infection, the researchers developed a dual-specific CAR-T cell equipped with two types of CAR on a single cell.
each CAR expresses the extracellular domain of cd4 protein, enabling it to target HIV-infected cells, and the two CARes contain 4-1BB/CD3-ζ and CD28/CD3-ζ inoculates, respectively, which stimulate cell proliferation and persistence, and the latter, which enhances the ability to kill infected cells.
same time, a membrane fusion inhibitor called C34-CXCR4 is added to the CAR-T cell to prevent HIV attachment and protect CAR-T cells from HIV infection.
T cell surface is equipped with a schematic of two CAR and membrane fusion inhibitors (Photo Source: Reference 1) So the car-T cells eventually developed by the researchers were able to identify and effectively kill HIV-infected cells, and were resistant to HIV infection.
in HIV-infected mice, the researchers tested the effects of the new CAR-T cells.
CAR-T cells slowed HIV replication and infected fewer cells than the untreated control group.
results of the test on animal blood showed that after treatment, the viral burden of CD4-positive T cells was effectively reduced, meaning that the most important HIV infection target was effectively protected.
addition, this dual-specific CAR-T cell, combined with existing antiretroviral (ART) drugs, accelerates viral replication in HIV-infected mice, twice as fast as ART alone.
that this suggests that CAR-T cell therapy can reduce the reservoir of viruses formed in animals during ART.
Mice receiving both CAR-T cells and ART therapy were completely inhibited after 2 weeks of treatment, and the control group using ART alone took 4 weeks (Photo Source: Reference 1) Summary of the research paper concluded that these results "demonstrate that the new dual-specific CAR-T cell products have a stronger efficacy and potential for effective treatment of HIV infection".
study used a relatively simple engineering approach to change T-cells, bringing about dramatic changes in efficacy and durability.
, Professor Riley added, "this finding is important for the use of engineered T cells to fight HIV and cancer."
" References . . . Colby Maldini et al., (2020) Dual CD4-based CAR T cells with Costimulatory domains of the domains of the property of the virus HIV pathogenesis in vivo. Nature Medicine. DOI: snr Novel Dual CAR T cell immunotherapy holds promise for targeting the HIV reservoir. Retrieved Sep. 2, 2020, from.