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    Home > Active Ingredient News > Immunology News > Nature Medicine Paper Interpretation! Phase 1 clinical trials have shown that four years after the cancer vaccine, melanoma patients develop a long-lasting anti-tumor response

    Nature Medicine Paper Interpretation! Phase 1 clinical trials have shown that four years after the cancer vaccine, melanoma patients develop a long-lasting anti-tumor response

    • Last Update: 2021-03-05
    • Source: Internet
    • Author: User
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    January 25, 2021 /--- In a new study, researchers from the Dana Faber Cancer Institute, Bregan Women's Hospital and the Broad Institute report that four years after melanoma patients were treated with personalized cancer vaccines, the vaccine's immune response remains strong and effective in controlling cancer cells.
    results were published online January 21, 2021 in the journal Nature Medicine under the title "Personal neoantigen vaccines inductance persistent memory T cell responses and epitope spreading in patients with melanoma".
    long-term clinical outcomes of melanoma patients treated with the new antigen vaccine and the immune response of two newly vaccinated patients, pictured is Nature Medicine, 2021, doi:10.1038/s41591-020-01206-4.
    these results demonstrate the durability of the immune response produced by the vaccine, called NeoVax, which works by targeting specific proteins on each patient's tumor cells.
    the researchers found that nearly four years after the vaccine was given, patients' immune system cells not only actively resist tumor cells that express these unique proteins, but also target other proteins found in these patients' tumor cells.
    , co-author of the study, said, "These results suggest that personalized new antigen vaccines can stimulate a long-lasting immune response in melanoma patients."
    we found evidence that the initial targeted immune response has expanded over the past few years to provide patients with ongoing protection from the disease.
    " study involved eight patients who under had surgery for advanced melanoma but were considered at high risk of recurrence.
    phase 1 clinical trial, they were treated with NeoVax within 18 weeks of the median surgery.
    the vaccine is made from protein fragments called epitopes, which extend from the surface of cells and act as signals to the immune system.
    table in NeoVax comes from neoantigen, an abnormal protein in tumor cells that alerts cells to cancer and should be destroyed.
    that since new antigens are found only in tumor cells, they trigger an immune response that protects normal cells from attack.
    in order to make NeoVax, the DNA sequence of the patient's tumor needs to be scanned to determine the key metastrogens of the tumor cell's new antigen.
    these tables as targets for T-cells, guiding the immune system to attack cancer.
    when patients are treated with NeoVax, these tables attract the immune system to respond to any melanoma cells that show them.
    the new study, the researchers found that all eight patients were still alive four years after NeoVax was treated, and six of them showed no signs of active disease.
    When they analyzed the patients' T-cells ---immune system cells that worked as a result of the vaccine--- they found evidence that these cells not only "remembered" their initial target tables, but also expanded their ability to identify other melanoma-related cousins.
    two of the patients had been treated with immuno-checkpoint inhibitors because of the cancer that had spread to their lungs.
    in both patients, the researchers detected signs that T cells had invaded tumor tissue, where they could be the most lethal to melanoma cells.
    . Patrick A. Ott, author of the paper, said, "We found all the evidence we were looking for in a strong, sustained immune response.
    T cells continue to specifically target melanoma cells and retain memories of the tables on which they initially responded.
    these T-cells are activated to kill tumor cells, and importantly, they have diversified to target melanoma metatops that are not included in the vaccine.
    the long-term presence and proliferation of T-cells that target melanoma is a strong indication that personalized new antigen peptide vaccines can help control metastasis tumors, especially when combined with immuno-checkpoint suppression.
    " (Bioon.com) Reference: 1. Zhuting Hu et al. Personal neoantigen vaccines induce persistent memory T cell responses and epitope spreading in patients with melanoma. Nature Medicine, 2021, doi:10.1038/s41591-020-01206-4.2.Patrick A. Ott et al. An immunogenic personal neoantigen vaccine for patients with melanoma. Nature, 2017, doi:10.1038/nature22991.3.Vaccine produces long-lasting anti-tumor response in patients with melanoma
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