Nature: New discovery! Before the body infects pathogens, gut microbes may shape the production of a variety of antibodies in the body!

B cells are white blood cells that develop antibodies that produce antibodies that bind to harmful foreign particles (viruses or pathogenic bacteria, etc.) and block their invasion of hosts and infections of the body's cells, and each B cell carries a single B-cell receptor (BCR) that helps determine the foreign substance seyligate, as if each lock can accept a different key.
the body has millions of B cells that carry different receptors, the great diversity of B cells stems from the rearrangement of the encoded receptor genes, so that the receptors on each B cell surface are slightly different, allowing them to identify billions of different harmful molecules;
, in a study published in the international journal Nature, scientists from the University of Bern and others analyzed the expression of billions of genes produced by coded antibodies in the system, which allows scientists to understand how genes respond to a single benign gut microbe.
the number of benign microbes that survive in the gut is about the same as the number of cells in the body, most bacteria stay in the gut and cannot penetrate the body tissues, but unfortunately, some of the infiltration processes of the intestinal flora are unavoidable, because the intestines have only one layer of cells that separates/separates the blood vessels we need to absorb food nutrients from the blood vessels inside. 'We can use a specially designed computer program to process millions of genetic sequences that can be compared to antibody banks in B cells, depending on whether microbes stay in the intestines or reach the bloodstream, and in both cases, the antibody banks change, but the way they change depends on how exposure occurs,' said Limenitakis, a researcher at the
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interestingly, this is predictable because it depends on the microbes the researchers are concerned about and their precise location in the body, suggesting that gut microbes may direct the formation of antibodies before the body is exposed to a serious infection, a process that may not be random.
have different types of antibodies (IgA) in the lining of the intestine than antibodies in the blood (IgM and IgG), and using powerful genetic analysis techniques, the researchers found that the range of different antibodies produced in the gut may be much smaller than the antibodies produced in the body's central tissues, meaning that once microbes enter the body, the immune system has a lot of possibilities to neutralize and eliminate these microbes, while the antibodies in the gut will mainly identify and bind to the bacterial molecules they see at any time.
researchers say mammals face challenges from many different microorganisms throughout their life cycle, so it's important to know how the antibody pool is shaped by a particular microorganism once it changes;
Although the gut microbe does not directly produce many different antibodies, if it enters the bloodstream it will promote the central immune tissue to become sensitive and produce antibodies, when the second microorganism appears, a relatively limited intestinal antibody response will change to adapt to this microorganism, which is like a lock on the door, which may be different from when the microbe enters the blood stream to the central body tissue, when the second group of antibodies are produced Perhaps it won't affect the first reaction produced by the original microbe (just like installing another lock so that a different key can be used to open the door), the researchers point out that the central tissue has the ability to remember a range of different microbial microflora and avoid sepsis damage, and that in different chambers, different B-cell immune strategies are important for maintaining peaceful coexistence with microbial "passengers." Li, the last researcher
, said the results not only revealed for the first time the composition of gut microbes, but also found that the timing and sequence of exposure to certain symbiotic microbes may have occurred mainly in the early first wave of "set-plantation", which may have an impact on the resulting B-cell receptor pool and the body's immunity to pathogens.
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