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*Only for medical professionals to read for reference.
Ginger may be a breakthrough in fighting autoimmune diseases.
Not long ago, JCI insight published an article to reveal the role behind ginger's anti-inflammatory, and ginger may be a breakthrough in the fight against autoimmune diseases.
Because of its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, ginger has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine to treat chronic diseases such as asthma and arthritis.
Previous studies have found that ginger can mediate its anti-inflammatory effects by reducing the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines and regulating the synthesis and secretion of chemokines at the site of inflammation.
This inevitably leads to speculation whether ginger’s anti-inflammatory active substances can be used How about treating autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS)? Figure 1: Don't underestimate the potential of ginger on the official website of the journal 01.
There has long been an "anti-inflammatory" legend.
Ginger is an important spice seasoning worldwide, and it is also a traditional Asian medicinal and edible plant.
In recent years, domestic and foreign scholars have conducted research on the chemical components of ginger and found that ginger contains more than 100 chemical components, mainly including volatile oil, gingerol and diphenylheptane.
Among them, gingerol is a unique component of Zingiberaceae, and its content is very high, accounting for about 0.
1%-2%.
It is the general term for some spicy substances in ginger, and it is a mixture of multiple substances [1].
Figure 2: The gingerol component of ginger ginger is not only the main flavoring substance of the characteristic spicy flavor of ginger, but also the main functional component of ginger's multiple biological activities.
It is widely used in condiment, health food, medicine, cosmetics and other industries.
.
A large number of studies have found that gingerol has anti-vomiting, anti-motion sickness, lowering blood pressure, lowering blood lipids, anti-oxidation, anti-arteriosclerosis, anti-rheumatic, anti-platelet aggregation, anti-tumor, inhibition of pathogenic microorganisms, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective and choleretic It has a wide range of pharmacological effects such as antipyretic and analgesic, and has good application prospects [1-3].
Figure 3: Structure type of gingerol compounds Under normal circumstances, the body's immune function is maintained in a balanced state.
If the immunity is too weak, it is vulnerable to harmful substances from the outside, but the higher the immunity is not the better, too strong immunity can cause damage to the body.
The immune function of patients with rheumatic immune disease is often activated abnormally, that is, the immunity is too strong.
After the immune function is activated, if it is not controlled in time, an immune inflammatory response will occur, causing inflammation and damage to the body's tissues and organs.
The most commonly damaged organs are joints, skin, kidneys, etc.
Therefore, many patients with rheumatoid immune disease will have symptoms such as joint pain, rash, and abnormal urination.
Therefore, to treat rheumatic immune diseases, it is necessary to suppress immunity, so as to control the excessive immune response, reduce inflammation, and reduce organ damage.
Therefore, drugs targeting inflammatory pathways and anti-inflammatory diet patterns have become hot topics in recent years.
02 A great reveal of the "anti-inflammatory" mechanism of ginger may open a new door to the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
Back to the beginning of this study, researchers found that 6-gingerol, the most abundant biologically active compound in ginger rhizomes, has anti-neutrophils Features, can fight autoimmune diseases such as SLE and APS in mice.
As one of the most representative autoimmune diseases, SLE often leads to different degrees of pathological symptoms in the skin, joints, kidneys, and central nervous system due to the formation of multiple immune complexes.
APS is a disease related to it.
Antiphospholipid antibodies (APL) are produced in the patient's serum, which can cause thrombosis and miscarriage.
Both of these diseases cause widespread inflammation and continue to damage body organs over time.
According to reports, neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular bactericidal networks (NETs) play a key role in inflammation and thrombosis in autoimmune diseases such as SLE and APS.
APL in APS can stimulate healthy neutrophils to release NETs, trigger the formation of autoantibodies, and play an important role in the pathogenesis of SLE and APS.
Since neutrophils can also be activated by ribonucleoprotein immune complex (RNP IC) and other lupus-related stimuli to release NETs, the researchers tested 6-gingerol, 8-gingerol and 10-gingerol in ginger.
The three active substances of gingerol have inhibitory effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS), phorbol ester (PMA) and lupus-related immune substances that activate NETs released by neutrophils.
Found: gingerol, 8-ginger oil Alcohol has a wide range of anti-NETosis (the process by which neutrophils produce and release NETs), and can effectively inhibit NETosis caused by LPS, PMA, and SLE and APS autoantibodies at a concentration of 10μM.
It has been verified that the three kinds of gingerol can inhibit the formation of H2O2 in neutrophils regardless of LPS, PMA, RNP IC or APL stimulation.
Among them, 6-gingerol can reduce the PDE activity by 40%, while significantly enhancing the intracellular cAMP concentration and the protein kinase A (PKA) activity of neutrophils.
The therapeutic effect of 6-gingerol on SLE model mice was further tested.
It was found that after 6-gingerol treatment, key antibodies including plasma NET levels and anti-dsDNA, anti-β2GPI and total IgG in mice were significantly reduced, and pro-inflammatory factors IFN-γ and TNF-α also showed lower levels Level.
Figure 4: In the SLE mouse model, 6-gingerol can reduce the release of NETs and the formation of autoantibodies.
This indicates that 6-gingerol can effectively combat neutrophils and reduce NETs related to lupus in mice.
The release and the formation of autoantibodies can effectively reduce the occurrence of autoimmune diseases in mice [4-5], which means that ginger may become a new key to fighting autoimmune diseases.
Recently, Nature Reviews Rheumatology (Impact Factor IF: 16.
625) focused on this research, and the researchers also made some responses.
Figure 5: Professor Jason Knight, the corresponding author of the journal's official website, explained: "In the past few years, our work has been to explore the role of increasing neutrophil cAMP in inhibiting NETosis.
"Documentary evidence suggests that gingerol can antagonize the activity of phosphodiesterase (an enzyme involved in cAMP inactivation), which piqued the interest of his research team.
Knight said: "We want to focus on inhibiting neutrophils.
The mechanism, especially the role of gingerol in it.
"It is also surprising to come to the conclusion that "ginger may be a new key to fight against autoimmune diseases".
But Knight also said: "Can gingerol become the main treatment for rheumatism with high disease activity? Therapy, this is unimaginable.
Can it help maintain remission? Or can it prevent rheumatism? In my opinion, there is still a need for further and very systematic research, and starting from a small mechanism study, to explore whether the same neutrophil phenotype can be confirmed in the human body.
If successful, larger disease-related clinical trials may be carried out in the future.
"Reference: [1] Shukla Y, Singh M.
Cancer preventive properties of ginger: A brief review [J].
Food Chem Toxico, 2007, 45:683-690.
[2] White B.
Ginger: an overview [J ].
Am Fam Physician, 2007, 75(11): 1689-1691.
[3] Ali BH, Blunden G, Tanira MO, Nemmar A.
Some phytochemical, pharmacological and toxicological properties of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe): A review of recent research [J].
Food Chem Toxico, 2008, 46:409-420.
[4] https://insight.
jci.
org/articles/view/138385[5]https://medicalxpress.
com/news/2021 -01-ginger-counters-autoimmune diseases-mice.
html[6]https://
Ginger may be a breakthrough in fighting autoimmune diseases.
Not long ago, JCI insight published an article to reveal the role behind ginger's anti-inflammatory, and ginger may be a breakthrough in the fight against autoimmune diseases.
Because of its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, ginger has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine to treat chronic diseases such as asthma and arthritis.
Previous studies have found that ginger can mediate its anti-inflammatory effects by reducing the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines and regulating the synthesis and secretion of chemokines at the site of inflammation.
This inevitably leads to speculation whether ginger’s anti-inflammatory active substances can be used How about treating autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS)? Figure 1: Don't underestimate the potential of ginger on the official website of the journal 01.
There has long been an "anti-inflammatory" legend.
Ginger is an important spice seasoning worldwide, and it is also a traditional Asian medicinal and edible plant.
In recent years, domestic and foreign scholars have conducted research on the chemical components of ginger and found that ginger contains more than 100 chemical components, mainly including volatile oil, gingerol and diphenylheptane.
Among them, gingerol is a unique component of Zingiberaceae, and its content is very high, accounting for about 0.
1%-2%.
It is the general term for some spicy substances in ginger, and it is a mixture of multiple substances [1].
Figure 2: The gingerol component of ginger ginger is not only the main flavoring substance of the characteristic spicy flavor of ginger, but also the main functional component of ginger's multiple biological activities.
It is widely used in condiment, health food, medicine, cosmetics and other industries.
.
A large number of studies have found that gingerol has anti-vomiting, anti-motion sickness, lowering blood pressure, lowering blood lipids, anti-oxidation, anti-arteriosclerosis, anti-rheumatic, anti-platelet aggregation, anti-tumor, inhibition of pathogenic microorganisms, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective and choleretic It has a wide range of pharmacological effects such as antipyretic and analgesic, and has good application prospects [1-3].
Figure 3: Structure type of gingerol compounds Under normal circumstances, the body's immune function is maintained in a balanced state.
If the immunity is too weak, it is vulnerable to harmful substances from the outside, but the higher the immunity is not the better, too strong immunity can cause damage to the body.
The immune function of patients with rheumatic immune disease is often activated abnormally, that is, the immunity is too strong.
After the immune function is activated, if it is not controlled in time, an immune inflammatory response will occur, causing inflammation and damage to the body's tissues and organs.
The most commonly damaged organs are joints, skin, kidneys, etc.
Therefore, many patients with rheumatoid immune disease will have symptoms such as joint pain, rash, and abnormal urination.
Therefore, to treat rheumatic immune diseases, it is necessary to suppress immunity, so as to control the excessive immune response, reduce inflammation, and reduce organ damage.
Therefore, drugs targeting inflammatory pathways and anti-inflammatory diet patterns have become hot topics in recent years.
02 A great reveal of the "anti-inflammatory" mechanism of ginger may open a new door to the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
Back to the beginning of this study, researchers found that 6-gingerol, the most abundant biologically active compound in ginger rhizomes, has anti-neutrophils Features, can fight autoimmune diseases such as SLE and APS in mice.
As one of the most representative autoimmune diseases, SLE often leads to different degrees of pathological symptoms in the skin, joints, kidneys, and central nervous system due to the formation of multiple immune complexes.
APS is a disease related to it.
Antiphospholipid antibodies (APL) are produced in the patient's serum, which can cause thrombosis and miscarriage.
Both of these diseases cause widespread inflammation and continue to damage body organs over time.
According to reports, neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular bactericidal networks (NETs) play a key role in inflammation and thrombosis in autoimmune diseases such as SLE and APS.
APL in APS can stimulate healthy neutrophils to release NETs, trigger the formation of autoantibodies, and play an important role in the pathogenesis of SLE and APS.
Since neutrophils can also be activated by ribonucleoprotein immune complex (RNP IC) and other lupus-related stimuli to release NETs, the researchers tested 6-gingerol, 8-gingerol and 10-gingerol in ginger.
The three active substances of gingerol have inhibitory effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS), phorbol ester (PMA) and lupus-related immune substances that activate NETs released by neutrophils.
Found: gingerol, 8-ginger oil Alcohol has a wide range of anti-NETosis (the process by which neutrophils produce and release NETs), and can effectively inhibit NETosis caused by LPS, PMA, and SLE and APS autoantibodies at a concentration of 10μM.
It has been verified that the three kinds of gingerol can inhibit the formation of H2O2 in neutrophils regardless of LPS, PMA, RNP IC or APL stimulation.
Among them, 6-gingerol can reduce the PDE activity by 40%, while significantly enhancing the intracellular cAMP concentration and the protein kinase A (PKA) activity of neutrophils.
The therapeutic effect of 6-gingerol on SLE model mice was further tested.
It was found that after 6-gingerol treatment, key antibodies including plasma NET levels and anti-dsDNA, anti-β2GPI and total IgG in mice were significantly reduced, and pro-inflammatory factors IFN-γ and TNF-α also showed lower levels Level.
Figure 4: In the SLE mouse model, 6-gingerol can reduce the release of NETs and the formation of autoantibodies.
This indicates that 6-gingerol can effectively combat neutrophils and reduce NETs related to lupus in mice.
The release and the formation of autoantibodies can effectively reduce the occurrence of autoimmune diseases in mice [4-5], which means that ginger may become a new key to fighting autoimmune diseases.
Recently, Nature Reviews Rheumatology (Impact Factor IF: 16.
625) focused on this research, and the researchers also made some responses.
Figure 5: Professor Jason Knight, the corresponding author of the journal's official website, explained: "In the past few years, our work has been to explore the role of increasing neutrophil cAMP in inhibiting NETosis.
"Documentary evidence suggests that gingerol can antagonize the activity of phosphodiesterase (an enzyme involved in cAMP inactivation), which piqued the interest of his research team.
Knight said: "We want to focus on inhibiting neutrophils.
The mechanism, especially the role of gingerol in it.
"It is also surprising to come to the conclusion that "ginger may be a new key to fight against autoimmune diseases".
But Knight also said: "Can gingerol become the main treatment for rheumatism with high disease activity? Therapy, this is unimaginable.
Can it help maintain remission? Or can it prevent rheumatism? In my opinion, there is still a need for further and very systematic research, and starting from a small mechanism study, to explore whether the same neutrophil phenotype can be confirmed in the human body.
If successful, larger disease-related clinical trials may be carried out in the future.
"Reference: [1] Shukla Y, Singh M.
Cancer preventive properties of ginger: A brief review [J].
Food Chem Toxico, 2007, 45:683-690.
[2] White B.
Ginger: an overview [J ].
Am Fam Physician, 2007, 75(11): 1689-1691.
[3] Ali BH, Blunden G, Tanira MO, Nemmar A.
Some phytochemical, pharmacological and toxicological properties of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe): A review of recent research [J].
Food Chem Toxico, 2008, 46:409-420.
[4] https://insight.
jci.
org/articles/view/138385[5]https://medicalxpress.
com/news/2021 -01-ginger-counters-autoimmune diseases-mice.
html[6]https://
