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This article is original by Translational Medicine.
Please indicate the source for reprinting.
Author: Liz Zee Guide: When tumors grow in organs, they release cells into the blood
.
These cells can be transferred to other organs to form new tumors, called metastases
.
Engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have now developed a method by which they can measure the rate of circulating tumor cells (CTC) in mice for the first time
.
This method also reveals how long CTC can survive once it is released into the blood, which can help scientists learn more about how different types of cancer spread in the body
.
The senior author of this study, Scott Manalis, a member of the Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and David H.
Koch Professor of Engineering and Associate Director of the Department of Bioengineering at MIT, said, "Passed We exchanged blood between mice and counted CTCs in real time.
We directly measured the speed at which CTCs enter the blood circulation and the time it takes for them to be cleared
.
"Using their new method, the researchers were able to study pancreatic tumors and two types of tumors.
CTC of lung tumors
.
Dr.
Alex Miller, a graduate student, and Dr.
Bashar Hamza, a visiting scientist at the Koch Institute, are the main authors of the paper.
CTCs by blood exchange between mice"
.
Circulating tumor cells are rare in patients: one milliliter of blood may contain 1 to 10 circulating tumor cells
.
In recent years, researchers have devised strategies to capture these elusive cells, which can provide a lot of information about the patient’s tumor and even help doctors track the tumor’s response to treatment
.
"Circulating tumor cells are worth studying because you can extract them from the blood.
They provide a'window ' to observe the tumor
.
This is much simpler than a tumor biopsy
.
" Manalis said
.
Manalis said that mice have only a little more than 1 milliliter of blood, so it is more difficult to find CTC
.
Studying CTCs in mice can help researchers answer many unanswered questions, such as how quickly tumors shed CTCs, how long CTCs can survive in the circulation, and how effectively CTCs can produce new tumors
.
To answer these questions, Manalis and his students designed a system to draw blood from tumor-bearing mice and inject it into healthy mice
.
The blood of healthy mice flows back into the tumor-bearing mice through another tube
.
The system includes two cell counters (one for each mouse) to detect and remove circulating tumor cells in the blood
.
Using this system, researchers can analyze the blood of each mouse in less than an hour
.
After determining the concentration of CTC in the blood of tumor-bearing mice and healthy mice, they could calculate the rate at which the tumor-bearing mice produced CTC
.
They can also calculate the half-life of a cell, which is how long the cell can survive in the blood before being cleared by the body
.
The researchers worked with members of the Jacks laboratory of the Koch Institute to use the system to study mice with three different types of tumors: pancreatic cancer, small cell lung cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer
.
They found that the CTC half-lives of the three tumors were very similar, ranging from 40 seconds to 250 seconds
.
However, the rate of CTC production varies greatly between different tumor types
.
Invasive metastatic small cell lung tumors can shed more than 100,000 CTCs per hour, while non-small cell lung tumors and pancreatic tumors can shed only 60 CTCs per hour
.
Previous studies that relied on injecting tumor cells from cell lines cultured in the laboratory found that the half-life of these cells in the blood is only a few seconds, but new results from the Manalis laboratory show that endogenous CTCs actually exist longer than This is much longer
.
The researchers also showed that healthy mice that received CTC later metastasized, even if only a few thousand CTC were exchanged
.
They found that CTCs from small-cell lung tumors metastasized in the livers of healthy mice, just like the metastases formed in the original tumor-bearing mice
.
Hamza said: "We realized that the CTCs we injected into healthy mice began to grow and produce metastases, and we could detect these metastases within a few months
.
This observation is very exciting because it validates our blood.
The exchange method can also be gently used to inject a viable CTC sample in the original blood environment without the need for harsh in vitro technical assistance
.
"Using this method, researchers now hope to be able to study how different drug treatments affect CTC.
Horizontal
.
Miller said: "With this blood exchange method, we can observe the concentration of CTC in real time, so that we can perform drug treatment and observe how the drug affects the half-life and production rate
.
" Researchers need further studies to verify the blood.
The application of exchange hair to other cancer types
.
They also plan to use this method to study other types of cancer, including leukemia and lymphoma and other blood cancers
.
This method can also be used to study the circulation dynamics of other types of cells, including immune cells such as neutrophils and natural killer cells
.
Reference materials: https:// Note: This article aims to introduce the progress of medical research and cannot be used as a reference for treatment options
.
If you need health guidance, please go to a regular hospital
.
Popular·Article Gene Sequencing [Hot Discussion] How to achieve more uniform and accurate genetic testing? Shock! Two top genetic testing companies performed liquid biopsies on the same group of cancer patients, and the results were quite different.
The new coronavirus [Nature Hot Discussion] The new coronavirus is getting more and more powerful, but the protective efficacy of the vaccine is gradually weakening.
What should we do? New Coronavirus [Nature Hot Discussion] The epidemic in Fujian has spread to four places! Israel’s 1.
1 million large-scale study: The vaccinated booster shot is 19.
5 times less likely to be infected with the new crown than people who have only received two injections.
[Science] Nearly 500 million people live in areas where the coronavirus may overflow.
The new crown is just the tip of the iceberg.
There will be more SARS-like viruses! Gut microbes [Genome Medicine] is the first to use gut microbial data for the prognosis study of rheumatoid arthritis, which is expected to become the key to future treatment! Organoid Research [Nature Sub-Journal] The use of synthetic new gels can easily cultivate pancreatic "organoids" and accurately replicate human pancreatic tumor research [The Lancet] Low-dose CT screening for lung cancer can really effectively reduce mortality NS? British scientists will show you the answer through experiments! New crown virus [heavy weight] How protective is the new crown vaccine against delta virus? The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has given the answer: The death rate of the unvaccinated population is 11 times that of the vaccinated population! Gene Sequencing [Nature Sub-Journal] The largest DNAm gene study to date: the study of genetic mutations related to DNAm at 420,509 DNAm loci in the blood has been identified.
[Heavyweight] Johns Hopkins University scientists have discovered genetic The self-correction function can resist blood cancer, which is expected to be a major breakthrough in the treatment of blood cancer! Genetic testing [Nature Sub-Journal] The 1.
5 million largest genome-wide association study has identified nearly 600 gene loci related to anti-social behavior, alcoholism, and opioid addiction.
The new coronavirus [Nature] is a heavyweight! Why can the delta mutant virus spread so quickly and fiercely? Scientists from the University of Cambridge will take you through its recommendations and activities The 3rd Shanghai International Cancer Conference The 5th Symposium on Modern Clinical Molecular Diagnosis
Please indicate the source for reprinting.
Author: Liz Zee Guide: When tumors grow in organs, they release cells into the blood
.
These cells can be transferred to other organs to form new tumors, called metastases
.
Engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have now developed a method by which they can measure the rate of circulating tumor cells (CTC) in mice for the first time
.
This method also reveals how long CTC can survive once it is released into the blood, which can help scientists learn more about how different types of cancer spread in the body
.
The senior author of this study, Scott Manalis, a member of the Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and David H.
Koch Professor of Engineering and Associate Director of the Department of Bioengineering at MIT, said, "Passed We exchanged blood between mice and counted CTCs in real time.
We directly measured the speed at which CTCs enter the blood circulation and the time it takes for them to be cleared
.
"Using their new method, the researchers were able to study pancreatic tumors and two types of tumors.
CTC of lung tumors
.
Dr.
Alex Miller, a graduate student, and Dr.
Bashar Hamza, a visiting scientist at the Koch Institute, are the main authors of the paper.
CTCs by blood exchange between mice"
.
Circulating tumor cells are rare in patients: one milliliter of blood may contain 1 to 10 circulating tumor cells
.
In recent years, researchers have devised strategies to capture these elusive cells, which can provide a lot of information about the patient’s tumor and even help doctors track the tumor’s response to treatment
.
"Circulating tumor cells are worth studying because you can extract them from the blood.
They provide a'window ' to observe the tumor
.
This is much simpler than a tumor biopsy
.
" Manalis said
.
Manalis said that mice have only a little more than 1 milliliter of blood, so it is more difficult to find CTC
.
Studying CTCs in mice can help researchers answer many unanswered questions, such as how quickly tumors shed CTCs, how long CTCs can survive in the circulation, and how effectively CTCs can produce new tumors
.
To answer these questions, Manalis and his students designed a system to draw blood from tumor-bearing mice and inject it into healthy mice
.
The blood of healthy mice flows back into the tumor-bearing mice through another tube
.
The system includes two cell counters (one for each mouse) to detect and remove circulating tumor cells in the blood
.
Using this system, researchers can analyze the blood of each mouse in less than an hour
.
After determining the concentration of CTC in the blood of tumor-bearing mice and healthy mice, they could calculate the rate at which the tumor-bearing mice produced CTC
.
They can also calculate the half-life of a cell, which is how long the cell can survive in the blood before being cleared by the body
.
The researchers worked with members of the Jacks laboratory of the Koch Institute to use the system to study mice with three different types of tumors: pancreatic cancer, small cell lung cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer
.
They found that the CTC half-lives of the three tumors were very similar, ranging from 40 seconds to 250 seconds
.
However, the rate of CTC production varies greatly between different tumor types
.
Invasive metastatic small cell lung tumors can shed more than 100,000 CTCs per hour, while non-small cell lung tumors and pancreatic tumors can shed only 60 CTCs per hour
.
Previous studies that relied on injecting tumor cells from cell lines cultured in the laboratory found that the half-life of these cells in the blood is only a few seconds, but new results from the Manalis laboratory show that endogenous CTCs actually exist longer than This is much longer
.
The researchers also showed that healthy mice that received CTC later metastasized, even if only a few thousand CTC were exchanged
.
They found that CTCs from small-cell lung tumors metastasized in the livers of healthy mice, just like the metastases formed in the original tumor-bearing mice
.
Hamza said: "We realized that the CTCs we injected into healthy mice began to grow and produce metastases, and we could detect these metastases within a few months
.
This observation is very exciting because it validates our blood.
The exchange method can also be gently used to inject a viable CTC sample in the original blood environment without the need for harsh in vitro technical assistance
.
"Using this method, researchers now hope to be able to study how different drug treatments affect CTC.
Horizontal
.
Miller said: "With this blood exchange method, we can observe the concentration of CTC in real time, so that we can perform drug treatment and observe how the drug affects the half-life and production rate
.
" Researchers need further studies to verify the blood.
The application of exchange hair to other cancer types
.
They also plan to use this method to study other types of cancer, including leukemia and lymphoma and other blood cancers
.
This method can also be used to study the circulation dynamics of other types of cells, including immune cells such as neutrophils and natural killer cells
.
Reference materials: https:// Note: This article aims to introduce the progress of medical research and cannot be used as a reference for treatment options
.
If you need health guidance, please go to a regular hospital
.
Popular·Article Gene Sequencing [Hot Discussion] How to achieve more uniform and accurate genetic testing? Shock! Two top genetic testing companies performed liquid biopsies on the same group of cancer patients, and the results were quite different.
The new coronavirus [Nature Hot Discussion] The new coronavirus is getting more and more powerful, but the protective efficacy of the vaccine is gradually weakening.
What should we do? New Coronavirus [Nature Hot Discussion] The epidemic in Fujian has spread to four places! Israel’s 1.
1 million large-scale study: The vaccinated booster shot is 19.
5 times less likely to be infected with the new crown than people who have only received two injections.
[Science] Nearly 500 million people live in areas where the coronavirus may overflow.
The new crown is just the tip of the iceberg.
There will be more SARS-like viruses! Gut microbes [Genome Medicine] is the first to use gut microbial data for the prognosis study of rheumatoid arthritis, which is expected to become the key to future treatment! Organoid Research [Nature Sub-Journal] The use of synthetic new gels can easily cultivate pancreatic "organoids" and accurately replicate human pancreatic tumor research [The Lancet] Low-dose CT screening for lung cancer can really effectively reduce mortality NS? British scientists will show you the answer through experiments! New crown virus [heavy weight] How protective is the new crown vaccine against delta virus? The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has given the answer: The death rate of the unvaccinated population is 11 times that of the vaccinated population! Gene Sequencing [Nature Sub-Journal] The largest DNAm gene study to date: the study of genetic mutations related to DNAm at 420,509 DNAm loci in the blood has been identified.
[Heavyweight] Johns Hopkins University scientists have discovered genetic The self-correction function can resist blood cancer, which is expected to be a major breakthrough in the treatment of blood cancer! Genetic testing [Nature Sub-Journal] The 1.
5 million largest genome-wide association study has identified nearly 600 gene loci related to anti-social behavior, alcoholism, and opioid addiction.
The new coronavirus [Nature] is a heavyweight! Why can the delta mutant virus spread so quickly and fiercely? Scientists from the University of Cambridge will take you through its recommendations and activities The 3rd Shanghai International Cancer Conference The 5th Symposium on Modern Clinical Molecular Diagnosis
