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This article is original for Translational Medicine.
Please indicate the source when reprinting.
Author: Daisy Introduction: The discovery of antibiotics more than 80 years ago has significantly improved the health of humans and animals
.
Although environmental bacterial resistance to antibiotics has a long history, resistance in human pathogens is considered a modern phenomenon driven by the clinical use of antibiotics
.
Here, a large international collaborative study found that hedgehogs harbored the antibiotic-resistant superbug MRSA more than 200 years ago, a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus that was adapted to coexist with Trichophyton on hedgehogs' skin
.
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most common antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens, causing approximately 171,000 invasive infections each year in Europe alone
.
But it's not just hedgehogs that have antibiotic-resistant bacteria, all wild animals carry many different types of bacteria, as well as parasites, fungi and viruses
.
According to a large international collaboration including the University of Cambridge, the Wellcome Sanger Institute (a world-leading centre for genomics research), the Serum Statens Institute in Denmark and the Royal Botanic Gardens (Kew), Kim, Staphylococcus aureus first developed resistance to the antibiotic methicillin about 200 years ago
.
The study traced the genetic history of the bacteria
.
They are investigating a surprising finding - a hedgehog survey from Denmark and Sweden - that up to 60 percent of hedgehogs carry a type of MRSA called mecC-MRSA
.
This raises the possibility that the evolution of these bacteria was driven by natural selection in wildlife rather than clinical use of antibiotics
.
The new study also found high levels of MRSA in swabs taken from hedgehogs in Europe and New Zealand
.
The researchers investigated the geographic distribution and population structure of the European hedgehog mecC-MRSA
.
European hedgehogs also became common in New Zealand following the introduction of a range of European hedgehogs from England between 1869 and 1892
.
They analysed 828 samples from the nose, skin and feet of 276 hedgehogs from 16 wildlife rescue centres in 10 European countries and two in New Zealand
.
mecC-MRSA was found in England and Wales (66%, 81 out of 123), Czech Republic (50%, 6 out of 12), Denmark (50%, 11 out of 22), Portugal ( 29%) and New Zealand (6%)
.
The study was recently published in the journal Nature with an article titled "Emergence of methicillin resistance predates the clinical use of antibiotics": https:// The 04265-w researchers believe that Staphylococcus aureus evolved antibiotic resistance in order to adapt to coexist on the skin of hedgehogs with Trichophyton erinacei, which can produce its own antibiotics
.
Hedgehogs are often occupied by the skin fungus T.
erinacei, which secretes antibiotics to kill the bacteria, and the bacteria evolve antibiotic resistance, creating a "fight" for survival
.
The fungus Trichophyton grows in the center of the agar plate and the resulting methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is called the superbug MRSA
.
The discovery of this ancient antibiotic resistance predates the use of antibiotics in medical and agricultural settings
.
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most common antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens, causing approximately 171,000 invasive infections each year in Europe alone
.
Dr Ewan Harrison, Research Fellow at the Wellcome Sanger Institute, University of Cambridge and senior author of the study, said: "Using sequencing technology, we traced the genes that confer antibiotic resistance in mecC-MRSA to when they first appeared and found that they were approximately Around the nineteenth century
.
" Methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus is mediated by the mecA and mecC genes, which encode the penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a) and PBP2c enzymes, respectively
.
mecA and mecC are resistant to almost all β-lactam antibiotics, including penicillinase-labile penicillins (such as penicillin G), penicillinase-stable penicillins (such as methicillin), and cephalosporins (such as cephalosporins) Westin)
.
He added: "Our study shows that it was not the use of penicillin that caused the initial emergence of MRSA, it was a natural biological process
.
We believe that MRSA evolved on the skin of hedgehogs for survival and was subsequently transmitted through direct contact.
To livestock and humans
.
” Antibiotic resistance in bacteria that cause infections in humans was previously thought to be a modern phenomenon caused by the clinical use of antibiotics
.
The misuse of antibiotics is accelerating this process, and around the world, antibiotic resistance is rising to dangerously high levels
.
Since nearly all the antibiotics we use today are produced in nature, the researchers say resistance to them is likely to already exist in nature as well
.
Overuse of any antibiotic in humans or livestock favors bacterial resistance, so it's only a matter of time before antibiotics start to lose their effectiveness
.
"This study is a stark warning that when we use antibiotics, we must be careful with them
.
There is a very large wildlife 'reservoir' from which antibiotic-resistant bacteria can survive - they go from the 'reservoir' to Domestic animals spread quickly and then infect humans," said Professor Mark Holmes, a research fellow at the University of Cambridge's Department of Veterinary Medicine and the report's senior author
.
In 2011, a research team led by Prof.
Holmes discovered mecC-MRSA for the first time in human and dairy cattle populations
.
At the time, it was thought that the strain had arisen because cows were regularly given high levels of antibiotics
.
mecC-MRSA was first identified in dairy cows and later in humans, and human infection is the result of zoonotic transmission
.
Studies from many different European countries have shown that mecC-MRSA is also present in other domestic animals such as sheep, goats and horses, as well as in various wild animals, albeit at a low frequency
.
MRSA was first identified in patients in 1960, and mecC-MRSA is responsible for approximately 1 in 200 infections of all MRSA infections
.
MRSA is more difficult to treat than other bacterial infections due to its resistance to antibiotics
.
The World Health Organization now considers MRSA to be one of the greatest threats to human health in the world
.
This is also a major challenge for the livestock industry
.
The finding, the researchers say, is no reason to fear hedgehogs: Humans are rarely infected with mecC-MRSA, even though it has been present in hedgehogs for more than 200 years
.
"It's not just hedgehogs that have antibiotic-resistant bacteria, all wild animals carry many different types of bacteria, as well as parasites, fungi and viruses," Holmes said
.
He added: "Wildlife, livestock and humans are all interconnected: We all share an ecosystem
.
It is impossible to understand the evolution of antibiotic resistance unless you look at the whole system
.
” Reference: https://phys.
org/news/2022-01-superbug-mrsa-arose-hedgehogs- clinical.
html Note: This article aims to introduce the progress of medical research and cannot be used as a reference for treatment plans
.
For health guidance, please go to a regular hospital for treatment
.
Popular·ArticleBasic Research【Science Sub-Journal】Artificial Lung Modification - Lizard Provides Amazing Method! Intestinal flora [Nature] hypoglycemic drugs are ineffective? Because gut microbiota is responsible for cancer treatment [PNAS] Chinese herbal medicines thyme and oregano have discovered anti-cancer compounds Disease diagnosis and treatment [Nature sub-journal] One step closer to changing the $70 billion global diagnostic industry! Protein biosensor measures toxic drugs in cancer, arthritis and organ transplant patients Cardiovascular disease [JAMA Sub] Are you stressed? Stress increases cardiovascular risk! Why do pain and anxiety increase breathing rate? The scientific research "Science" announced the breakthrough in 2021: a problem that has plagued biologists for 50 years was solved by AI and realized the dream of a Nobel Prize winner!
Please indicate the source when reprinting.
Author: Daisy Introduction: The discovery of antibiotics more than 80 years ago has significantly improved the health of humans and animals
.
Although environmental bacterial resistance to antibiotics has a long history, resistance in human pathogens is considered a modern phenomenon driven by the clinical use of antibiotics
.
Here, a large international collaborative study found that hedgehogs harbored the antibiotic-resistant superbug MRSA more than 200 years ago, a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus that was adapted to coexist with Trichophyton on hedgehogs' skin
.
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most common antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens, causing approximately 171,000 invasive infections each year in Europe alone
.
But it's not just hedgehogs that have antibiotic-resistant bacteria, all wild animals carry many different types of bacteria, as well as parasites, fungi and viruses
.
According to a large international collaboration including the University of Cambridge, the Wellcome Sanger Institute (a world-leading centre for genomics research), the Serum Statens Institute in Denmark and the Royal Botanic Gardens (Kew), Kim, Staphylococcus aureus first developed resistance to the antibiotic methicillin about 200 years ago
.
The study traced the genetic history of the bacteria
.
They are investigating a surprising finding - a hedgehog survey from Denmark and Sweden - that up to 60 percent of hedgehogs carry a type of MRSA called mecC-MRSA
.
This raises the possibility that the evolution of these bacteria was driven by natural selection in wildlife rather than clinical use of antibiotics
.
The new study also found high levels of MRSA in swabs taken from hedgehogs in Europe and New Zealand
.
The researchers investigated the geographic distribution and population structure of the European hedgehog mecC-MRSA
.
European hedgehogs also became common in New Zealand following the introduction of a range of European hedgehogs from England between 1869 and 1892
.
They analysed 828 samples from the nose, skin and feet of 276 hedgehogs from 16 wildlife rescue centres in 10 European countries and two in New Zealand
.
mecC-MRSA was found in England and Wales (66%, 81 out of 123), Czech Republic (50%, 6 out of 12), Denmark (50%, 11 out of 22), Portugal ( 29%) and New Zealand (6%)
.
The study was recently published in the journal Nature with an article titled "Emergence of methicillin resistance predates the clinical use of antibiotics": https:// The 04265-w researchers believe that Staphylococcus aureus evolved antibiotic resistance in order to adapt to coexist on the skin of hedgehogs with Trichophyton erinacei, which can produce its own antibiotics
.
Hedgehogs are often occupied by the skin fungus T.
erinacei, which secretes antibiotics to kill the bacteria, and the bacteria evolve antibiotic resistance, creating a "fight" for survival
.
The fungus Trichophyton grows in the center of the agar plate and the resulting methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is called the superbug MRSA
.
The discovery of this ancient antibiotic resistance predates the use of antibiotics in medical and agricultural settings
.
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most common antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens, causing approximately 171,000 invasive infections each year in Europe alone
.
Dr Ewan Harrison, Research Fellow at the Wellcome Sanger Institute, University of Cambridge and senior author of the study, said: "Using sequencing technology, we traced the genes that confer antibiotic resistance in mecC-MRSA to when they first appeared and found that they were approximately Around the nineteenth century
.
" Methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus is mediated by the mecA and mecC genes, which encode the penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a) and PBP2c enzymes, respectively
.
mecA and mecC are resistant to almost all β-lactam antibiotics, including penicillinase-labile penicillins (such as penicillin G), penicillinase-stable penicillins (such as methicillin), and cephalosporins (such as cephalosporins) Westin)
.
He added: "Our study shows that it was not the use of penicillin that caused the initial emergence of MRSA, it was a natural biological process
.
We believe that MRSA evolved on the skin of hedgehogs for survival and was subsequently transmitted through direct contact.
To livestock and humans
.
” Antibiotic resistance in bacteria that cause infections in humans was previously thought to be a modern phenomenon caused by the clinical use of antibiotics
.
The misuse of antibiotics is accelerating this process, and around the world, antibiotic resistance is rising to dangerously high levels
.
Since nearly all the antibiotics we use today are produced in nature, the researchers say resistance to them is likely to already exist in nature as well
.
Overuse of any antibiotic in humans or livestock favors bacterial resistance, so it's only a matter of time before antibiotics start to lose their effectiveness
.
"This study is a stark warning that when we use antibiotics, we must be careful with them
.
There is a very large wildlife 'reservoir' from which antibiotic-resistant bacteria can survive - they go from the 'reservoir' to Domestic animals spread quickly and then infect humans," said Professor Mark Holmes, a research fellow at the University of Cambridge's Department of Veterinary Medicine and the report's senior author
.
In 2011, a research team led by Prof.
Holmes discovered mecC-MRSA for the first time in human and dairy cattle populations
.
At the time, it was thought that the strain had arisen because cows were regularly given high levels of antibiotics
.
mecC-MRSA was first identified in dairy cows and later in humans, and human infection is the result of zoonotic transmission
.
Studies from many different European countries have shown that mecC-MRSA is also present in other domestic animals such as sheep, goats and horses, as well as in various wild animals, albeit at a low frequency
.
MRSA was first identified in patients in 1960, and mecC-MRSA is responsible for approximately 1 in 200 infections of all MRSA infections
.
MRSA is more difficult to treat than other bacterial infections due to its resistance to antibiotics
.
The World Health Organization now considers MRSA to be one of the greatest threats to human health in the world
.
This is also a major challenge for the livestock industry
.
The finding, the researchers say, is no reason to fear hedgehogs: Humans are rarely infected with mecC-MRSA, even though it has been present in hedgehogs for more than 200 years
.
"It's not just hedgehogs that have antibiotic-resistant bacteria, all wild animals carry many different types of bacteria, as well as parasites, fungi and viruses," Holmes said
.
He added: "Wildlife, livestock and humans are all interconnected: We all share an ecosystem
.
It is impossible to understand the evolution of antibiotic resistance unless you look at the whole system
.
” Reference: https://phys.
org/news/2022-01-superbug-mrsa-arose-hedgehogs- clinical.
html Note: This article aims to introduce the progress of medical research and cannot be used as a reference for treatment plans
.
For health guidance, please go to a regular hospital for treatment
.
Popular·ArticleBasic Research【Science Sub-Journal】Artificial Lung Modification - Lizard Provides Amazing Method! Intestinal flora [Nature] hypoglycemic drugs are ineffective? Because gut microbiota is responsible for cancer treatment [PNAS] Chinese herbal medicines thyme and oregano have discovered anti-cancer compounds Disease diagnosis and treatment [Nature sub-journal] One step closer to changing the $70 billion global diagnostic industry! Protein biosensor measures toxic drugs in cancer, arthritis and organ transplant patients Cardiovascular disease [JAMA Sub] Are you stressed? Stress increases cardiovascular risk! Why do pain and anxiety increase breathing rate? The scientific research "Science" announced the breakthrough in 2021: a problem that has plagued biologists for 50 years was solved by AI and realized the dream of a Nobel Prize winner!
