Nearly 300,000 people followed up for 11 years and found that the areas with the most air pollutants may cause women's dysmenorrhea risk to increase 33 times!

Dysmenorrhea is characterized by uterine pain and cramps during menstruation, affecting 45-95% of menstruating women

Dysmenorrhea is the main incidence of gynecological diseases and the main cause of pelvic pain.

, Long-term exposure to air pollutants, such as nitrogen and carbon oxides and fine particulate matter, greatly increases the risk of dysmenorrhea

Shih-Yi Lin et al, Increased Incidence of Dysmenorrhea in Women Exposed to Higher Concentrations of NO, NO2, NOx, CO, and PM2.

Shih-Yi Lin et al, Increased Incidence of Dysmenorrhea in Women Exposed to Higher Concentrations of NO, NO2, NOx, CO, and PM2.

The average concentration of air pollutants is: nitrogen oxide 28.

Researchers have observed that exposure to air pollution and particulate matter (PM) is related to the incidence of infertility and poor reproductive health

Exposure to air pollution and particulate matter (PM) is related to the incidence of infertility and poor reproductive health

The table shows the concentration level of air pollutants and the incidence of dysmenorrhea

The table shows the concentration level of air pollutants and the incidence of dysmenorrhea

When the potential confounding factors are controlled, compared with the level of air pollutants, the risk of dysmenorrhea is significantly higher when exposed to levels of air pollutants (including NO, NO ₂ , PM2.

₂ The risk of dysmenorrhea for people exposed to level 4 air pollutant CO is 28.

Young women, women with lower incomes, and women living in more urbanized areas have a higher risk of dysmenorrhea.

Participants with a monthly income of less than 15,000 have a 38.

For every unit increase in the annual average concentration of nitrogen oxides, the HR for dysmenorrhea will increase to 1.

And low exposure to PM2.

_{x x 2} Women exposed to high PM2.

Air quality is closely related to human health, especially for women with dysmenorrhea

Original source: Original source:

Shih-Yi Lin et al, Increased Incidence of Dysmenorrhea in Women Exposed to Higher Concentrations of NO, NO2, NOx, CO, and PM2.
5: A Nationwide Population-Based Study, Frontiers in Public Health (2021).
DOI: 10.
3389/ fpubh.
2021.
682341

Shih-Yi Lin et al, Increased Incidence of Dysmenorrhea in Women Exposed to Higher Concentrations of NO, NO2, NOx, CO, and PM2.
5: A Nationwide Population-Based Study, Frontiers in Public Health (2021).
DOI: 10.
3389/ fpubh.
2021.
682341 Shih-Yi Lin et al, Increased Incidence of Dysmenorrhea in Women Exposed to Higher Concentrations of NO, NO2, NOx, CO, and PM2.
5: A Nationwide Population-Based Study, Frontiers in Public Health (2021).
DOI : 10.
3389/fpubh.
2021.
682341

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