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to ensure that DNA double strands do not break while efficiently replacing DNA-specific bases -- a task previously impossible for gene editing technology CRISPR-Cas9. Now, American scientists have developed a new "base editor" that makes it possible.
because most genetic diseases are rooted in single nucleotide mutations, the emergence of this base editor helps humans fight genetic diseases.
On October 26, Beijing time, the international academic journal
published an article by David Liu and colleagues from the Bode Institute in the United States, reporting on the development of the Adenine Base Editor (ABE), which converts A-T base pairs into G-C base pairs.
adenine (A), ostrich (G), cytosine (C) and thymus (T) are the basic units that make up DNA. These bases are paired in the form of A-T and C-G, forming a double helix structure of DNA. In RNA, thymus (T) is replaced by uracil (U).
Last year, also published in the journal Nature, David Liu and colleagues reported for the first time their "base editor", which, by installing rat cytosine deaminase ABUBEC1 on the Cas9 protein, disappeared from cutting DNA double strands, but was still able to bind to target DNA fragments while converting cytosine (C) into urinary urinary acid (U). Then, through a third protein, the cells are allowed to initiate a DNA repair procedure, which eventually causes the C-G base pair to be replaced with the T-A base pair.
and colleagues didn't stop there last year. Scientists already know that about half of all known disease-related single base pair mutations are associated with wild G-C base pairs being converted into mutant A-T base pairs. This time David Liu and colleagues reported that the adenine base editor was able to complete the task of converting the A-T base pair back to the G-C base pair, complementing the regrets of last year's results.
the adenine base editor is reported to work in both bacterial and human cells. In human cells, it is 50% efficient and has a low off-target rate, with little side effect on random insertions, deletions, or other mutations. (Source: Wang Yingying, News)
