New coronavirus vaccination 30 Q: Do I need to be vaccinated every year?

, Jan. 7 (Xinhua) -- China's Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CENTER) website released the "New Crown Vaccination Question and Answer" on the 7th. The question and answer mentioned that the mask should continue to be worn after vaccination, it is recommended to complete the vaccination at this stage using the same manufacturer's vaccine of the same species, the second dose of inactivated vaccine can produce better immunity after about two weeks, for new cases of confirmed cases of coronary pneumonia, asymptomatic infected persons, it is not currently recommended to vaccinate against the new coronavirus, vaccinators do not need to test for the presence of antibodies before vaccination.
question and answer is as follows:China's new crown epidemic situation is different from foreign countries, vaccine use strategy is not the same. The main strategies for vaccination against the new coronavirus need to be considered in the light of the domestic epidemic situation and the objectives of prevention and control. At present, the significance of vaccination of key population groups, on the one hand, to protect this part of the population, on the other hand, is conducive to "foreign defense input, internal defense rebound", is conducive to China's overall epidemic prevention and control.
At this stage, the key groups of new coronavirus vaccination mainly include those engaged in import cold chain, port quarantine, ship piloting, air traffic, fresh market, public transportation, medical disease control and other industries with a higher risk of infection;necessary. On the one hand, almost everyone in our country does not have immunity against the new coronavirus, the new coronavirus is susceptible, after the onset of infection, some people will develop into critical illness, or even cause death. After vaccination, on the one hand, the vast majority of people can obtain immunity, on the other hand, through orderly vaccination of the new coronavirus vaccine, the population can gradually establish an immune barrier to block the spread of new coronary pneumonia.new coronavirus vaccinations are carried out in vaccination units approved by the local health administration. Usually, vaccination units are located in health service centers, township hospitals or general hospitals in the district. If vaccination involves departments or enterprises with a relatively high concentration of priority targets, temporary vaccination units will also be set up locally, depending on the situation.
health administration department or disease prevention and control agencies in the bailiwicks will also announce the vaccination units that can be vaccinated against the new coronavirus as required, including the location and service time, so please pay attention to the relevant information release platform.
of the majority of the key population groups, by the key groups of the units organized mapping, appointment, and to assist in the vaccination work. For individuals who travel to medium- and high-risk countries or regions to work and study, you can follow the local service information for new coronavirus vaccinations.the taboo of vaccination refers to situations in which vaccination should not be given. Because most taboos are temporary, vaccinations can be given at a later time when the conditions that lead to them no longer exist.
the new coronavirus vaccination program, vaccination guidelines are not specified, the new coronavirus vaccination taboo is implemented in accordance with the vaccine instructions. Common vaccination taboos include: 1. People who are allergic to vaccines or vaccine ingredients; 2. People with acute diseases; 3. People in the acute onset of chronic diseases; 4. Fever patients; 5. Pregnant women.in the course of operation, if the first dose of the vaccine has a severe allergic reaction, and can not be ruled out as caused by the vaccine, the second dose is not recommended. To understand the vaccine ingredients, people who have previously been allergic to the vaccine ingredients cannot be vaccinated.
vaccination, the vaccination doctor should carefully ask the subject about the health status and past allergy history. The subject should truthfully report his or her physical health and medical history, allergy history, etc. to the vaccination doctor. Vaccine taboos should be included in the informed consent.before the population immune barrier was established, even if some people were vaccinated, everyone's awareness of prevention and control and prevention measures can not be relaxed. On the one hand, the vaccine immunization success rate is not 100%, during the epidemic there will be a small number of people who have been vaccinated may become ill. On the other hand, in the absence of an immune barrier, the new coronavirus is still easy to spread. Therefore, masks should continue to be worn after vaccination, especially in public places, crowded places, etc., and other protective measures such as hand hygiene, ventilation, social distance, etc. need to be maintained.different infectious diseases, the level of immunity of people who block the epidemic of infectious diseases is not the same. In general, the more infectious an infectious disease is, the higher the population's immunity is required. Measles and whooping cough, for example, are highly contagious, and if their prevalence is to be interrupted, the population's immunity will be 90-95 per cent, while the population's immunity will be more than 80 per cent if small flowers and polio are eliminated. By reaching these thresholds, population immunity creates an immune barrier against the spread of measles, whooping cough, low flowers and polio.
population's immunity is in positive ratio to vaccine protection and vaccination rates. Therefore, to achieve adequate population immunity, it is necessary to have a sufficiently high vaccination rate, that is, the vast majority of people are vaccinated. Conversely, if there are more people who are not vaccinated or most people are reluctant to vaccinate, a strong immune barrier will not be formed, and when there is a source of infection, it is easy to spread the disease.vaccine is a biological product. In order to ensure the quality of biological products, it is necessary to store and transport them in the prescribed cold chain state. The same should be true of the new coronavirus vaccine. The Vaccine Management Act, the Code for the Management of Vaccine Storage and Transportation, and the Code for vaccination work specify the cold chain requirements for vaccine storage and transportation.
of vaccine transportation, vaccine transportation enterprises should monitor and record the temperature regularly during the transportation process to ensure that the vaccine is in the specified temperature environment. When the vaccine is received, the receiving unit shall request and inspect the temperature monitoring records of this transportation process.
vaccine storage process, the CDC and vaccination units use thermometers or automatic temperature recorders to monitor the temperature of the refrigerator where the vaccine is stored, measure the temperature once a day in the morning and afternoon (at intervals not less than 6 hours), and fill in the temperature record form of the cold chain equipment.
During the use of the vaccine, the vaccination unit shall store the vaccine in refrigerators, freezer boxes (bags) and shall promptly close the refrigerator, refrigerator (bag) door/cover when storing and obtaining the vaccine, and minimize the number of times the refrigeration equipment is switched on.
the relevant units to strictly abide by the above-mentioned aspects of the normative requirements, in order to make the vaccine in the cold chain state, the quality of the vaccine can be guaranteed. suspected vaccination abnormal reaction (AEFI) refers to the suspected vaccination-related reaction or event that occurs after vaccination, also known as suspected adverse vaccine reaction. These include the following situations: adverse vaccine reactions, vaccine quality-related reactions, vaccination error-related reactions, heart-caused reactions, and mesozoicity (combination reactions). vaccine adverse reactions refer to reactions caused by the characteristics of the vaccine itself that are not related to the purpose of vaccination or are related to individual differences in the subject. Adverse vaccine reactions include general reactions and abnormal reactions. General reaction mainly refers to the subject occurred an over-the-top, mild body reaction, such as redness, hard knots, pain and other local reactions, fever, fatigue, headache and other systemic reactions. Abnormal reactions mainly refer to the related reactions that cause organ or functional damage to the subject, which occur rarely, such as acute severe allergic reactions. -cause reaction refers to the reaction of the subject's psychological factors after vaccination, mainly due to psychological stress, anxiety, etc. when vaccinated, no physical damage, not related to the vaccine. Some are halo needle-like performance, some are "sickness"-like performance. Group-specific reactions can occur during mass vaccination campaigns. (coincidence reaction) refers to the vaccination process, the subject is in the incubation period of a disease or the early stage of the onset of the disease, after vaccination coincidental onset. Therefore, the mesozoic disease (co-reaction) is not caused by vaccination, is not related to the vaccine, and is not an adverse reaction after vaccination. Post-vaccination adhesive disease sometimes does not immediately make a judgment, needs to be reported in a timely manner, also needs to be investigated by disease control and other agencies, investigation and diagnosis expert group to make a diagnosis. The abnormal reaction of vaccination refers to the adverse reaction of the drug in which the qualified vaccine causes damage to the organs and functions of the body of the subject during or after the implementation of the standard vaccination, and the relevant parties are not at fault. The following situations are not abnormal responses to vaccination: general response, vaccine quality accident, vaccination accident, mesozoic (coupled reaction), heart-caused reaction. Laws and regulations, such as the Vaccine Management Law, the National Programme for monitoring suspected vaccination abnormal reactions, and the Measures for the Identification of Abnormal Responses to Vaccination, have clear provisions for monitoring and reporting suspected abnormal reactions to vaccinations (suspected adverse vaccine reactions).
Specific practices include clarifying the responsibility reporting unit, the responsible reporter, the content of the report, the time limit for reporting, specifying the criteria for suspected adverse vaccine reactions that need to be initiated for investigation, and the diagnosis of abnormal reactions to be completed by the expert group of investigation and diagnosis, and the identification to be completed by the provincial and municipal medical associations. The monitoring of suspected adverse vaccine reactions is achieved through the monitoring information system established by the Cdc of China, and information sharing is realized by the CDC and the drug adverse reaction monitoring institutions. Cdcs and drug adverse reaction monitoring agencies at all levels also regularly analyze and evaluate monitoring information. In the event of a major incident, timely analysis and evaluation is performed.
system and standard monitoring of adverse vaccine reactions in China, which started in 2005. With the development and deepening of the work, the level of vaccine adverse reaction monitoring has been greatly improved. In 2011 and 2014, respectively, through the World Health Organization (WHO) in China's national vaccine regulatory system adverse reaction monitoring part of the capacity assessment, vaccine adverse reaction monitoring indicators meet or exceed the WHO assessment criteria. new coronavirus vaccine is a newly developed and operational vaccine that requires continuous monitoring and research after mass vaccination to accumulate more scientific evidence to assess the protective sustainability of the new coronavirus vaccine. there is no evidence that different manufacturers or different types of new coronavirus vaccines can replace vaccination. It is recommended to complete the vaccination at this stage using the same vaccine of the same manufacturer. in the vaccination process, the subject should pay attention to and cooperate with the following:
vaccination, should be in advance to understand the new coronary disease, new coronavirus vaccine-related knowledge and vaccination process.
vaccination, you need to carry relevant documents (ID cards, passports, etc.), and in accordance with local prevention and control requirements, do a good job of personal protection, with on-site vaccination staff inquiries, truthfully provide information such as my health status and vaccination taboos.
after vaccination, you need to stay for 30 minutes, keep the local skin clean, avoid scratching the vaccination site by hand, if there is a suspected adverse reaction, report the vaccination unit, timely medical treatment when necessary. , a very small number of people may experience acute allergic reactions, fainting, etc. Acute allergic reactions that are seriously life-threatening occur more than 30 minutes after vaccination. In the event of an acute allergic reaction, timely treatment measures can be taken at the scene. Fainting also occurs mostly within half an hour after vaccination, such as leaving the site immediately after vaccination, may cause accidental injury to the victim due to fainting. As a result, the subject needs to stay in the designated area of the vaccination unit for half an hour after vaccination. , the body produces protective antibodies, and some vaccines also make people immune to cells, forming corresponding immune memories. In this way, the human body has the immunity to fight disease. Once a new coronavirus invades the human body, the antibodies produced by the vaccine, cytokines released by the cellular immunity can identify, heal or kill the virus, and immune memory quickly mobilizes the immune system to function, so that the virus can not continue to proliferate in the body, thus achieving the goal of disease prevention. the previous clinical trial of the new coronavirus inactivated vaccine, about two weeks after the second dose of inactivated vaccine, the vaccinated population can produce better immune results. virus is one of the simplest organisms, and its proliferation depends on living cells. During proliferation, the virus mutates. From the global monitoring of the new coronavirus mutation, there is no evidence that the virus mutation will invalidate the existing new coronavirus vaccine. However, the World Health Organization, national research institutions, vaccine manufacturers, etc. are closely watching the new coronavirus mutation, is also carrying out relevant research, which will provide early warning and scientific analysis for the development and application of follow-up vaccines. china's current vaccination strategy is in accordance with the "two-step" program, the first step is to focus on the population vaccination. The second step, with the approval of vaccines on the market, vaccine production gradually increased, there will be more vaccines in use. Through orderly vaccination, eligible members of the public can achieve "catch-up" and gradually build an immune barrier among the population to control the epidemic of neo-crown pneumonia in China. china's current vaccination strategy is in accordance with the "two-step" program, the first step is the focus of the population vaccination, the second step is the vaccination of other groups. In the process of prevention and control of the new crown epidemic, china has implemented non-vaccine prevention and control measures are very effective. For the public, although they may not be vaccinated for the time being, there are still many effective prevention and control measures, such as wearing masks, keeping social distance, washing hands, ventilation, etc. information gathered from the results of previous clinical trials and emergency use of the new coronavirus vaccine, common adverse reactions to the new coronavirus vaccine occur in much the same way as other vaccines that have been widely used. Common adverse reactions, mainly manifested in the vaccination site of redness, hard knots, pain, etc. , but also fever, fatigue, nausea, headache, muscle soreness and other clinical manifestations. , pathogens, vaccine characteristics, and the condition of the affected populations affect the effectiveness of vaccination. In the development and use of vaccines, in order to ensure the effectiveness of vaccination, the above factors are considered. As a brand-new vaccine, the effect of relevant factors on its effects has yet to be further observed and studied. For most infectious diseases, after infection with pathogens, the human body will produce a certain degree of immunity, this group of people usually do not belong to the vaccination target, such as smallpox, measles, rubella, chickenpox and other diseases no longer belong to the vaccination target. At present, although there have been reports of secondary infection in people infected with the new coronavirus, but the problem is not widespread, still need to follow up more research to reach a conclusion. For confirmed cases of new coronary pneumonia known before vaccination, asymptomatic infection, the new coronavirus vaccine is not recommended at this time;