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A virus-carrying piercing and sucking aphids has long worried pea growers, but a more harmless-looking weevil, which only takes a small bite from the leaf, also plays an important role in plant health
Although many studies have focused on the effects of a single pest, this study, published in the online journal Molecular Ecology on August 4, is one of the few studies to study the interaction of several antagonists One, in this case, is two pests and one virus
"Plants in the wild have the opportunity to be exposed to many different types of biological stress elements, which we call antagonists," said Saumik Basu, a postdoctoral researcher at Washington State University and lead author of the study
Through a series of greenhouse experiments, Basu and colleagues from Washington State University and Cornell University's Claude Lab tried to understand what happened in the pea growing area in the Parus region of eastern Washington
The researchers conducted some experiments, first weevils feed on plants, then aphids, and then other insects in the reverse order
After removing the pests, the researchers let the plants grow for a week
They found that when the weevil eats peas for the first time, it enhances some of the peas's defenses against pathogens and helps them become more resilient to viral infections
If the weevil eats a second after the aphids, it usually reduces the defense response against pathogens, so the virus is more likely to spread
In turn, plants infected by the virus have a stronger resistance to herbivory, releasing compounds that interfere with herbivorous pests
To further complicate the problem, studies have found that when weevils help induce anti-pathogen responses, it reduces plant nutrition by reducing the plant's available amino acids
Basu said that these complex interactions have important implications for pest management
He said: "If we know the time of these interactions in advance, this information will provide farmers with the best remedies to prevent their fields from being attacked
This research is part of a series of investigations of the interactions between many organisms encountered by plants
Basu said that these complex relationships are crucial to understanding the response of plants
He said: "In the natural environment, a plant will come into contact with different types of organisms, not just one or two, but many
Journal Reference :
Saumik Basu, Robert E.