New insights into the role of insulin and its potential effects in the treatment of diabetes

Insulin is one of the most famous hormones in the human body and has the effect of regulating blood sugar
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Although lack or inaction can lead to diabetes (type i and type ii), it is also associated with a variety of metabolic disorders, such as obesity, hypertension, cancer, and aging

Diabetes is usually related to tissue damage, leading to neuropathy, kidney disease, and myopathy
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This is related to the role of insulin, because in addition to the importance of maintaining the glycemic index, it is also essential to control the growth and repair of tissues

Insulin-dependent effects are mediated by complex molecular networks that transmit information about the presence and concentration of insulin in all cells, and constitute an insulin signaling cascade
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The information flow of different components in the insulin signaling cascade determines the absorption and utilization of glucose by metabolism and tissue growth

Although decades of work have elucidated the molecular composition of the insulin signaling cascade, how information is transmitted between these different molecules in response to different insulin inputs is still unknown
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In addition to being very important to our understanding of the role of insulin in eating and fasting conditions, it is also very important to the emergence and treatment of diabetes

In addition, under the excessive consumption of high-calorie diets and abnormal or uncontrolled eating habits, under these conditions, whether/how the flow of information in the insulin signaling cascade is disrupted leading to "insulin resistance" has not yet been resolved
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This study shows the robustness of information flow in the signal cascade in response to normal and abnormal insulin input
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It demonstrates the importance of a normal fasting cycle, because fasted insulin input leads to a better response to fed insulin input

This study revealed a hitherto unknown mechanism that regulates the robustness of information flow through insulin signaling
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In addition to emphasizing the importance of the normal insulin cycle (during eating and fasting), it also identifies components that may disrupt the signal cascade in hyperinsulinemic situations such as diabetes and clinical insulin administration

DOI

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Article title

Continuous variable responses and signal gating form kinetic bases for pulsatile insulin signaling and emergence of resistance