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Wen/Chen Gen In daily life, phase change is usually related to temperature, for example, ice cubes melt when heated.
However, depending on the change of other parameters, such as the magnetic field, there are different types of phase transitions.
In order to understand the quantum properties of materials, when phase transitions occur directly at the absolute zero point of temperature, they will produce very interesting transitions.
These transitions are called "quantum phase transitions" or "quantum critical points.
" Normally, quantum critical behavior occurs in metals or insulators.
But recently, researchers discovered this behavior in a semi-metal.
The material is a compound of cerium, ruthenium and tin, and its properties are between metals and semiconductors.
In addition, quantum criticality can only be generated under very special environmental conditions, requiring a certain pressure or electromagnetic field.
However, it is surprising that this semi-metal can produce quantum criticality without being affected by external influences.
This result may be related to the special behavior of electrons in the material.
The material has a highly correlated electronic system, which means that there is a strong interaction between electrons, the so-called Kondo effect.
In addition, here, a quantum spin in the material will be shielded by the electrons around it, so that the spin no longer has any influence on other parts of the material.
If there are relatively few free electrons, as in the case of semimetals, the Kondo effect is unstable.
This may be the reason for the quantum critical behavior of the material, that is, the system fluctuates between the state with Kondo effect and the state without Kondo effect.
The reason why this result is so important is mainly because it is suspected to be related to the "Weyl fermion" phenomenon.
In solids, Weyl fermions can appear in the form of quasi-particles, that is, as a collective excitation, such as waves in a pond.
According to theoretical predictions, this Weyl fermion should exist in this material.
However, experiments have not yet been found, but the scientists suspect that the quantum criticality they observe is conducive to the emergence of Weyl fermions.
The quantum critical wave may have a stabilizing effect on Weyl fermions, in a manner similar to the quantum critical wave in high-temperature superconductors that fixes the superconducting Cooper pair together.
Generally speaking, certain quantum effects, namely quantum critical fluctuations, Kondo effect, and Weyl particles are closely entangled with newly discovered matter, and together they produce the peculiar Weil-Kondo state.
These are "topological" states with a high degree of stability.
Unlike other quantum states, these states cannot be easily destroyed by external interference, so they are of great significance to the manufacture of quantum computing.
In order to verify all this, the scientists will conduct further measurements under different external conditions, and they predict that similar interactions of quantum effects can be found in other materials.
However, depending on the change of other parameters, such as the magnetic field, there are different types of phase transitions.
In order to understand the quantum properties of materials, when phase transitions occur directly at the absolute zero point of temperature, they will produce very interesting transitions.
These transitions are called "quantum phase transitions" or "quantum critical points.
" Normally, quantum critical behavior occurs in metals or insulators.
But recently, researchers discovered this behavior in a semi-metal.
The material is a compound of cerium, ruthenium and tin, and its properties are between metals and semiconductors.
In addition, quantum criticality can only be generated under very special environmental conditions, requiring a certain pressure or electromagnetic field.
However, it is surprising that this semi-metal can produce quantum criticality without being affected by external influences.
This result may be related to the special behavior of electrons in the material.
The material has a highly correlated electronic system, which means that there is a strong interaction between electrons, the so-called Kondo effect.
In addition, here, a quantum spin in the material will be shielded by the electrons around it, so that the spin no longer has any influence on other parts of the material.
If there are relatively few free electrons, as in the case of semimetals, the Kondo effect is unstable.
This may be the reason for the quantum critical behavior of the material, that is, the system fluctuates between the state with Kondo effect and the state without Kondo effect.
The reason why this result is so important is mainly because it is suspected to be related to the "Weyl fermion" phenomenon.
In solids, Weyl fermions can appear in the form of quasi-particles, that is, as a collective excitation, such as waves in a pond.
According to theoretical predictions, this Weyl fermion should exist in this material.
However, experiments have not yet been found, but the scientists suspect that the quantum criticality they observe is conducive to the emergence of Weyl fermions.
The quantum critical wave may have a stabilizing effect on Weyl fermions, in a manner similar to the quantum critical wave in high-temperature superconductors that fixes the superconducting Cooper pair together.
Generally speaking, certain quantum effects, namely quantum critical fluctuations, Kondo effect, and Weyl particles are closely entangled with newly discovered matter, and together they produce the peculiar Weil-Kondo state.
These are "topological" states with a high degree of stability.
Unlike other quantum states, these states cannot be easily destroyed by external interference, so they are of great significance to the manufacture of quantum computing.
In order to verify all this, the scientists will conduct further measurements under different external conditions, and they predict that similar interactions of quantum effects can be found in other materials.