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When a muscle grows, some of the stem cells in this muscle will develop into new muscle cells.
Muscle growth is regulated by Notch signaling pathway
Two years ago, a research team led by Professor Carmen Birchmeier from the Max Delbrück Molecular Medicine Center (MDC) of the Helmholtz Federation in Berlin, Germany, showed that the process of stem cell development into myocytes is regulated by two proteins, Hes1 and MyoD.
Both of these proteins are involved in the Notch signaling pathway, which is a widespread mechanism by which cells respond to external stimuli and communicate with other cells.
New research finds that the third protein-Delta-like1 plays a key role
In a recent study, Birchmeier and four other scientists at MDC, together with researchers from Japan and France, discovered the key role of the third protein.
According to this report, this protein is Notch ligand Delta-like1, or Dll1 for short.
"In our current research, we have provided clear evidence that the shocks in muscle tissue are not just peculiar phenomena at the cell level, but rhythmic fluctuations in gene expression.
Hes1 protein controls the growth rate of stem cells
Birchmeier and her team used isolated stem cells, individual muscle fibers and mice to conduct experiments to further study how Hes1 and MyoD proteins participate in muscle growth.
Experiments with mutant mice provide decisive evidence
With the help of genetically modified mice, the researchers obtained the most important evidence that Dll1 oscillation plays a key role in regulating the transformation of stem cells into muscle cells.
"However, this mutation has a serious effect on stem cells, and it will prompt them to differentiate into muscle cells and fibers prematurely," said Dr.
This discovery may help better treatment of muscle diseases
"Only when Dll1 binds to the Notch receptor in an oscillating manner, thereby periodically initiating a signal cascade in the stem cell, can there be a good balance between self-renewal and differentiation in the cell," Birchmeier concluded.
Original source: Yao Zhang et al, Oscillations of Delta-like1 regulate the balance between differentiation and maintenance of muscle stem cells, Nature Communications (2021).
The key to proper muscle growth