Latest research: New coronavirus-specific immune T cells can also be detected in uninfected people

The new coronavirus (COVID-19), caused by the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), is still prevalent worldwideIn addition to SARS-CoV-2, six coronaviruses are known to infect humans, and these viruses trigger antibody and T-cell reactions in infected patientsSince previously pathogenic-induced memory T cells can affect the susceptibility and clinical severity of subsequent people to the virus, it is important to understand the memory T cells that may be identified in the human body to recognize SARS-CoV-2On July 15, 2020, a team of researchers from the Duke-Singapore National University School of Medicine published the latest study of COVID-19 in Nature, revealing for the first time the structural (nuclear shell protein, NP) and non-structural (ORF1 NSP-7 and NSP13) region Scells in the COVID-19 recovery period, and the presence of T-cells that identify NP proteins in CD4 and CD8T cellsSurprisingly, the SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cells were also detected in uninfected populations, and the specific T cells in SARS rehabilitation patients had strong cross-reaction stoicism with SARS-CoV-2This suggests that beta-coronavirus infection induces the body to produce multi-specific and long-lasting T-cell immunity to the structural protein NPto study SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells, researchers collected a total of 36 peripheral blood from mild to severe COVID-19 recovering individuals, and studied the cell's response to selected structural (nuclear shell protein-NP) and non-structural proteins in the SARS-CoV-2 protein group, which are highly homologous or even completely homologous between different beta coronavirusesThe researchers found that in almost all individualindividuals, their peripheral blood single nuclear cells (PBMC) were able to identify NP-specific responses for multiple regions of SARS-CoV-2, from which clear CD4 and/or CD8 T cell groups were detected, resulting in IFN-stoma and/or TNF-alphasars-cov-2-specific response in patients with COVID-19 rehabilitation, the researchers explored whether this acquired immunity could be sustainedThey collected PBMs 17 years after SARS-CoV-1 infection from 23 patients recovering from SARS and tested whether they still had cells that were reactive to SARS-CoV-1 and whether they were cross-reactive to SARS-CoV-2The results showed that after 17 years of SARS rehabilitation, there were still specific T cells in the human body that produced IFN-gamma reactions to SARS-CoV-1, and were almost concentrated in the NP regionOf these, 7 PBMCs of SARS-CoV-2 NP peptides produced a clear and robust amplification of reactive cells, i.ecross-reactive to SARS-CoV-2This suggests that viral-specific T-cells caused by beta-coronavirus infection are long-term, and that persistent T-cells produced after the associated viral infection may be able to prevent or alter the pathology caused by SARS-CoV-2 infectionSARS-CoV-2 cross-reaction sexist in SARS rehabilitation patients to explore this possibility, the researchers detected their reactive IFN-pyridine reactions to SARS-CoV-2 in 37 unexposed individuals, and found that 19 were able to detect SARS-CoV-2-specific IFN-2T cellsFurther studies found that SARS-CoV-2 T cells in uninfected people showed different patterns of immune advantage, mainly targeting NP structural proteins and ORF-1-encoded proteins NSP7 and 13The epistatal characterization of NSP7-specific T cells showed low-hoe identification of protein fragments with "common cold" human coronaviruses, but was conservative in animal beta coronaviruses immune advantages of SARS-CoV-2 responses in uninfected individuals, researchers say the study helps to understand how existing NP and ORF-1-specific T cells in the general population affect susceptibility and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection, which is critical to the management of the current COVID-19 pandemic