New surface treatments can improve cooling efficiency

Smooth surfaces for liquids with very low surface stress promote droplet formation and heat transfer.
, liquid refrigerants and other fluids with low surface stress tend to spread rapidly into the sheet when in contact with the surface. But for many industrial processes, if fluid formation droplets are better, they may roll off or off the surface and take away

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improve efficiency
now, researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have made significant progress in promoting the formation and shedding of droplets in these liquids. This approach can improve the efficiency of many large-scale industrial processes, including refrigeration, thereby saving energy and reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
Unlike surface treatments developed by scientists for other types of fluids, which rely on liquid materials fixed by surface textures, they can use very thin solid coatings for fluid rejection - less than microns thick (one millionth of a meter). This thinness is important to ensure that the coating itself does not impede heat transfer.
made from specially formulated polymers is deposited on the surface using chemical vapor deposition (iCVD), where the coating material is evaporated and transplanted to the surface to be treated.