New technology that simulates how the human body replicates its own DNA makes it a reality to build a new gene in one day.

U.S. scientists are using new technologies that simulate how humans replicate their own DNA to make it faster and cheaper to build new genes, Science reported On June 18.
researchers say a day to build a new gene will soon become a reality, and the future is expected to quickly rewrite the genes of microorganisms, quickly synthesize new drugs and fuels, and "make a big splash" in storage.
traditional METHODS OF DNA MANUFACTURing are: take out DNA nucleotides - base A, G, C, and T - and add them one by one to the growth chain called "oligonucleotides", but the process is slow and error-prone;
human cells make DNA in a different way: various polymerases read the SINGLE strands of DNA and then synthesize them with complementary chains attached to them.
people hope to redesign polymerases to write new DNA.
researchers have identified a specific polymerase, the End Deoxynucleotide Transfer Enzyme (TdT), which attaches new nucleotides to the oligonucleotide chain without following the DNA template chain, but the natural enzyme randomly adds new DNA bases that do not precisely control the order in which bases are added.
to solve this problem, Dr. Sebastian Paruk of The Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory's team started with four separate base pools, each with a tdT copy attached to it.
first, they remove a base addition from a pool and remain connected after TdT adds the base to the end of the oligonucleotide.
then, they fish out the oligonucleotides, cut off the connection, free TdT is washed away, and olicera is ready to add the next base.
researchers say the new approach should be cheaper - it's easy to produce TdT in bacteria and yeast, and it's efficient.
but George Church, a geneticist at Harvard University, says the new method does not completely eliminate traditional DNA synthesis methods.
so far, the team has produced only 10 base-long oligonucleotides; in addition, the new method has written DNA with an accuracy of only 98% (99% in the traditional method) in preconceived order, and the new method may have to be 99.9% accurate for writing 1,000 base-based oligonucleotides.
if the new technology achieves the precision needed, it will not only help synthetic biologists innovate the way they write and test new genes, but also write vast amounts of data into DNA.
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