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With the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic at the end of 2019, SARS-CoV-2 has spread all over the world, but due to the long development cycle of new drugs, a large number of clinical trials are still needed to verify its safety, so "old drugs and new use" have become new coronary pneumonia Mainstream way of drug development.
Pfizer "Vizimpro" stands out.
A large number of studies have found that respiratory tract mucosal epithelial cells have a certain correlation with SARS-CoV-2.
SARS-CoV-2 may pass through the surface spike protein (S protein) and human respiratory tract mucosal epithelial cells ACE2 Receptor binding invades the human body, causing pneumonia.
In August 2020, "Nature Communications" published an online paper entitled "Morphogenesis and cytopathic effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection in human airway epithelial cells", and found that the new coronavirus has a wider range of human respiratory epithelial cells than the common coronavirus Addiction! https://doi.
org/10.
1038/s41467-020-17796-z In October of the same year, researchers from the University of North Carolina School of Medicine in the top journal "New England Journal of Medicine" (NEJM) Published a shocking image about the new coronavirus, which captured the tragic scene of the filiform ciliated cells on the surface of the respiratory epithelial cells infected by the new coronavirus.
Therefore, researchers consider drugs that inhibit respiratory viruses or have the potential to fight COVID-19.
Image source: University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Ehre Lab Recently, a research team from the University of Pennsylvania screened 9 existing drugs that can inhibit the tropism of respiratory epithelial cells, among which Pfizer's Vizimpro (dacitinib) stands out.
Vizimpro is a pan-human epidermal growth factor receptor (pan-EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), which is mainly used for the treatment of metastatic disease carrying EGFR gene exon 19 deletion or exon 21 L858R substitution mutation Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was approved for marketing by the U.
S.
Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2018.
Based on previous studies on the relevance of respiratory viruses, researchers at the University of Pennsylvania speculated that Vizimpro may be effective against COVID-19.
The low-cost leprosy drug "clofazimine" has emerged recently.
Researchers from the Sanford Burnham Prebys Institute of Medical Discovery and the University of Hong Kong jointly published a report on "Nature" showing that clofazimine (Clofazimine) can significantly reduce The SARS-CoV-2 activity in hamsters may have the opportunity to become a potential drug for the treatment of COVID-19.
https://doi.
org/10.
1038/s41586-021-03431-4 It is understood that Clofazimine (Clofazimine) was first synthesized in 1954 and used as a drug for the treatment of tuberculosis, but because the drug is used in guinea pigs and rabbits It has poor efficacy in non-human primates, and has adverse reactions such as skin redness, plus first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs such as isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol and pyrazinamide in the 1950s The emergence of clofazimine has gradually decreased.
Because it plays a very good role in the treatment of Mycobacterium leprosy infection, it was recommended by the WHO in 1981 as one of the drugs for the treatment of leprosy.
It is reported that, as an ideal drug candidate for COVID-19, the University of Hong Kong has launched a Phase 2 clinical trial of Clofazimine.
Researchers said that Clofazimine (Clofazimine) can be combined with Europe's first drug for the treatment of COVID-19 "Veklury (Remdesivir)" for COVID-19 hospitalized patients.
The immunological preparation "Cyclosporine" may have potential curative effect.
Cyclosporine is an immunosuppressive agent that can inhibit the enzyme "cyclophilin" required for virus growth and at the same time inhibit certain fatal inflammatory reactions.
Currently, researchers are conducting clinical trials to explore whether the drug can suppress the excessive immune response of respiratory virus patients due to cytokine storm.
New use of old drugs So far, the new use of old drugs has made great progress in the treatment of new coronary pneumonia, including chloroquine phosphate (Chloroquine), favipiravir (Favipiravir), remdesivir (Remdesivir) and other well-known drugs .
Not only that, but in the development of drugs for other diseases, strategies for new use of old drugs have always attracted attention.
For example, the anti-ischemic and anti-vasoconstrictor drug nimodipine can also be used to treat cerebral arteriosclerosis, senile brain dysfunction, treat intractable hiccups, sudden deafness, peptic ulcer and other diseases; Pfizer's "heavy "Bomb" Sildenafil (Viagra) was originally used to treat angina! Finally, I believe that the strategy of "new use of old medicines" can play a greater role in the future medical field.
End reference materials: [1].
://www.
nature.
com/articles/s41467-020-17796-z3.
[3]https://medicalxpress.
com/news/2020-09-publish-images-sars-cov-infected-cells.
html
Pfizer "Vizimpro" stands out.
A large number of studies have found that respiratory tract mucosal epithelial cells have a certain correlation with SARS-CoV-2.
SARS-CoV-2 may pass through the surface spike protein (S protein) and human respiratory tract mucosal epithelial cells ACE2 Receptor binding invades the human body, causing pneumonia.
In August 2020, "Nature Communications" published an online paper entitled "Morphogenesis and cytopathic effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection in human airway epithelial cells", and found that the new coronavirus has a wider range of human respiratory epithelial cells than the common coronavirus Addiction! https://doi.
org/10.
1038/s41467-020-17796-z In October of the same year, researchers from the University of North Carolina School of Medicine in the top journal "New England Journal of Medicine" (NEJM) Published a shocking image about the new coronavirus, which captured the tragic scene of the filiform ciliated cells on the surface of the respiratory epithelial cells infected by the new coronavirus.
Therefore, researchers consider drugs that inhibit respiratory viruses or have the potential to fight COVID-19.
Image source: University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Ehre Lab Recently, a research team from the University of Pennsylvania screened 9 existing drugs that can inhibit the tropism of respiratory epithelial cells, among which Pfizer's Vizimpro (dacitinib) stands out.
Vizimpro is a pan-human epidermal growth factor receptor (pan-EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), which is mainly used for the treatment of metastatic disease carrying EGFR gene exon 19 deletion or exon 21 L858R substitution mutation Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was approved for marketing by the U.
S.
Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2018.
Based on previous studies on the relevance of respiratory viruses, researchers at the University of Pennsylvania speculated that Vizimpro may be effective against COVID-19.
The low-cost leprosy drug "clofazimine" has emerged recently.
Researchers from the Sanford Burnham Prebys Institute of Medical Discovery and the University of Hong Kong jointly published a report on "Nature" showing that clofazimine (Clofazimine) can significantly reduce The SARS-CoV-2 activity in hamsters may have the opportunity to become a potential drug for the treatment of COVID-19.
https://doi.
org/10.
1038/s41586-021-03431-4 It is understood that Clofazimine (Clofazimine) was first synthesized in 1954 and used as a drug for the treatment of tuberculosis, but because the drug is used in guinea pigs and rabbits It has poor efficacy in non-human primates, and has adverse reactions such as skin redness, plus first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs such as isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol and pyrazinamide in the 1950s The emergence of clofazimine has gradually decreased.
Because it plays a very good role in the treatment of Mycobacterium leprosy infection, it was recommended by the WHO in 1981 as one of the drugs for the treatment of leprosy.
It is reported that, as an ideal drug candidate for COVID-19, the University of Hong Kong has launched a Phase 2 clinical trial of Clofazimine.
Researchers said that Clofazimine (Clofazimine) can be combined with Europe's first drug for the treatment of COVID-19 "Veklury (Remdesivir)" for COVID-19 hospitalized patients.
The immunological preparation "Cyclosporine" may have potential curative effect.
Cyclosporine is an immunosuppressive agent that can inhibit the enzyme "cyclophilin" required for virus growth and at the same time inhibit certain fatal inflammatory reactions.
Currently, researchers are conducting clinical trials to explore whether the drug can suppress the excessive immune response of respiratory virus patients due to cytokine storm.
New use of old drugs So far, the new use of old drugs has made great progress in the treatment of new coronary pneumonia, including chloroquine phosphate (Chloroquine), favipiravir (Favipiravir), remdesivir (Remdesivir) and other well-known drugs .
Not only that, but in the development of drugs for other diseases, strategies for new use of old drugs have always attracted attention.
For example, the anti-ischemic and anti-vasoconstrictor drug nimodipine can also be used to treat cerebral arteriosclerosis, senile brain dysfunction, treat intractable hiccups, sudden deafness, peptic ulcer and other diseases; Pfizer's "heavy "Bomb" Sildenafil (Viagra) was originally used to treat angina! Finally, I believe that the strategy of "new use of old medicines" can play a greater role in the future medical field.
End reference materials: [1].
://www.
nature.
com/articles/s41467-020-17796-z3.
[3]https://medicalxpress.
com/news/2020-09-publish-images-sars-cov-infected-cells.
html
