[news] 2019/6/27 2019 soft science world top disciplines: chemical engineering is awesome!

2019 soft world first-class disciplines: chemical engineering is awesome! On June 26, soft science released 2019 "world class discipline ranking of soft science" In 2019, the ranking covers 54 disciplines, including science, engineering, life sciences, medicine and social sciences In terms of the number of disciplines on the list of mainland Chinese universities, Zhejiang University has the largest number of disciplines on the list, with a total of 46 disciplines on the list Tsinghua University, Beijing University, Shanghai Jiaotong University and Zhongshan University ranked in the top five in terms of 44 times, 43 times, 41 times and 41 times respectively Universities in the mainland of China have a strong performance in the field of engineering Among the top 50 universities in the world with 15 engineering disciplines, there are more than 10 universities in the mainland of China, including 20 in Instrument Science, 17 in nano science and technology, 16 in chemical engineering, 16 in energy science and engineering, 15 in materials science and engineering, and 15 in transportation engineering Institute), mining engineering (15 institutes), ship and Marine Engineering (14 institutes), communication engineering (14 institutes), control science and Engineering (13 institutes), Biomedical Engineering (13 institutes), mechanical engineering (12 institutes), metallurgical engineering (12 institutes), Aerospace Engineering (10 institutes) and remote sensing technology (10 institutes) Http://www.shanghairanking.com/ "mass production" Nobel Prize in Japan, what's the secret? From June 28 to 29, the fourteenth summit of G20 leaders will be held in Osaka, Japan When we talk about Japan, we have to talk about its advanced technology According to statistics, in the past 18 years, Japan has won a total of 18 Nobel prizes, an annual average of one, which can be called a "mass production" Nobel Prize country To this end, Gong Chunjie, director of the all Japanese Chinese doctoral Association and doctor of Kyoto University sent by the national government, said that Japan's scientific research evaluation is not only about papers and patents, but more about scientific research capacity and results output, and has established a more fair and strict evaluation mechanism for this purpose Take the graduation standard for doctoral students of Kyoto University as an example Students can apply for graduation even if they have only one Japanese paper As long as the research results meet the graduation requirements, they can apply for the defense link with the consent of their tutors The graduation thesis was reviewed by the professor committee, and thirty or forty professors from the whole department participated in the oral defense review, and decided whether the students could graduate and go to the society through voting Http://digitalpaper.stdaily.com/http_www.kjrb.com/kjrb/html/2019-06/27/content_ HTM? Div = - 1 The Chinese University of science and technology has developed a separation "artifact" - chiral separation membrane, which can effectively distinguish and separate "true and false Wukong" This achievement was recently published in nature communication Starting from two-dimensional layered materials, Professor Liu Bo's research group developed a highly stable chiral separation membrane by adjusting the layer spacing and introducing chiral sites in the layer space The separation efficiency is up to 89%, which is expected to be industrialized "More importantly, due to the successful introduction of chiral sites between layers, it can be used to achieve efficient separation of enantiomers, thus giving the two-dimensional material separation membrane a broader application prospect." Paul Liu said At present, the chiral separation membrane prepared in the laboratory is centimeter level, and the team is actively promoting the size of the membrane to meter level, so as to apply it to the production of chiral drug molecules with high pharmaceutical added value Https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-10381-z realize "lightning level" electric field precise regulation of chemical reaction in nano reactor With a high-intensity electric field of 100 million volts, the selective regulation of the chemical reaction rate of a single molecule is realized in a nano scale reactor, which provides a new idea for the future green chemical synthesis based on clean energy The research results were recently published online in the international journal Science advanced Theoretical chemists predict that by changing the angle between the direction of the applied electric field and the direction of the activated chemical bond in the chemical reaction, the chemical reaction can be selectively controlled for efficient and clean green chemical synthesis However, this theoretical prediction cannot be confirmed by experiments In response to this challenge, the research team took the lead in the international research and development of precise scientific instruments and technologies for the study of chemical reaction rate under high-intensity directional electric field, and connected a single organic molecule between two atomic size electrodes in a directional way, thus solving the problem of molecular orientation control in chemical reactions Https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/5/6/eaaw3072 5% of autism cases may be caused by recessive gene mutations A large-scale international study found that recessive gene mutations cause autism more frequently than people originally thought, and 3% to 5% of cases may be related to this Researchers from Boston Children's Hospital and other institutions recently reported in the British journal Nature Genetics that they analyzed the "all exon group" data of 2343 autistic patients from America, Europe and the Middle East and 5852 ordinary people in the control group, that is, the DNA sequence of all genes encoding proteins The results showed that there were 41 recessive mutations that could cause autism, 33 of which had never been found to be related to autism before The mutations of these genes are divided into two categories, one is the mutation that causes gene loss of function, which is estimated to account for 2% of all cases; the other is the mutation that causes an amino acid error of protein, which is called "missense mutation", which accounts for 1% to 3% of all cases The researchers said it was the most in-depth study of recessive mutations and autism to date Some of the mutations are only reflected in a single case, and their effects need further study https://www.nature.com/articles/s41588-019-0433-8