Nine areas that could make bioscience great again in 2017.

Biomedical Engineering Channel News: In 2016, many major research results have been obtained in various fields of biosciences.
now that a new 2017 has arrived, what areas can we do to lead the way again? Let's take a look at the nine leading areas of bioscience.
Oncology immunotherapy Tumor immunotherapy is a development direction of tumor therapy in recent years, which is a development direction of tumor therapy and one of the hot spots in the field of cancer research.
there are currently two types of immunotherapy: the first is immunocellular therapy.
Simply put, it is to extract the immune cells in the patient's body, tell the immune cells about the characteristics of the tumor, induce cells that may have the ability to kill the tumor in vitro, and then send them back to the patient for "fighting".
these therapies include LAK, DC, CIK, DC-CIK, CAR-T, TCR-T, NK, CAR-NK, tumor-immersive lymphocytes (TILs) and more.
but after more than a decade of research, the big waves of sand to gold, now has a good role is CAR-T, TCR-T two cell therapy.
the second is the immuno-test point blocker drug.
these drugs can disable signals around cancer cells that weaken the immune system, keeping immune cells completely blinded and continuing to attack tumor cells.
, such as antibodies blocking CTLA-4 and PD-1 path paths, can block tumor cells from "spoofing" T cells, allowing them to regain the ability to recognize and kill tumor cells.
years, with the development of biotechnology, tumor immunotherapy has become the most promising means to successfully cure cancer after tumor surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and targeted treatment.
recent cases of CAR-T therapy successfully eliminating solid tumors, CAR-T therapy research is about to enter an exciting new phase.
2017 will be an extraordinary year for CAR-T.
car-T cancer immunotherapy is ready to enter the market, Kite Pharma and Novarma are currently competing for approval for the treatment.
different immunotherapy applications will be the future trend of cancer treatment.
December 2016, cancer immunotherapy giant BMS released updated data from Opdivo Yervoy, an Ib-phase study of CheckMate-012, which showed that the objective remission rate determined by the combined treatment group was 43%, nearly twice that of the previously reported Opdivo single drug group.
addition to combination therapies of immuno-checkpoint inhibitors, the combination of tumor immunotherapy with radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and large and small molecular targeted therapies has also been effective in clinical treatment.
with a deeper understanding of cancer biology and immune system research, more combination practices may produce safer and more effective clinical outcomes that will lead to a real clinical cure for cancer.
gene editing gene editing technology means that humans can "edit" the target gene, to achieve the removal of specific DNA fragments, addition and so on.
crispr/Cas9 technology has had unparalleled advantages from other gene editing techniques since its inception, and has been improved to make it possible to "edit" any gene most effectively and easily in living cells.
2016, gene editing has developed rapidly, showing great potential in a range of gene therapy applications.
this year, gene editing technology also made breakthroughs, with scientists developing new gene editing systems such as CRISPR/Cpf1, RNA-only CRISPR/C2c2, and editing only a single base CRISPR/Cas9.
the current dispute over CRISPR patents, while research on CRISPR-Cas systems is advancing.
2015, little girl Layla, who treated leukemia with gene-editing immunocellulars, had no signs of leukemia detected.
is still a case in point, gene editing will save many lives by the end of 2017.
China has conducted the first clinical trial of CRISPR.
and an upcoming clinical trial in the United States is even more ambitious.
the researchers plan to embed a tumor-embedded antigen-subject gene in T-cells so that they can attack tumor cells, and then use CRISPR to knock out PD-1 and two other genes.
In 2017, a U.S. court is likely to rule on a dispute between the University of California and the Broad Institute over CRISPR-Cas9 technology, claiming that the research institute that invented the gene-editing technology will collect billions of dollars from patent licensing;
in the UK, many clinics are now licensed to mix DNA from three people using controversial assisted reproductive technology to prevent children from developing genetic diseases caused by mother mitochondrials.
synthetic genome and regenerative medicine synthetic genome refers to the in-body synthetic double-stranded DNA molecule technology.
regenerative medicine refers to the use of biological and engineering theoretical methods to create lost or impaired tissues and organs, so that they have normal tissues and organs of the body and function.
, a well-known figure in gene editing, is on the 2017 list of scientists published in the British journal Nature.
2014, he successfully synthesized a chromosome in the yeast genome.
2017, Burke's ability to synthesize the entire yeast genome will be the first time the scientific community has synthesized the genome of a gemel, a major step forward in the study of artificial life.
based on this, it may be possible to achieve a complete "on-demand design" gene in the future to create the most satisfying pets.
2016, 25 scientists in the United States proposed a plan to synthesize a complete human genome within 10 years, the Human Genome Writing Project, which has caused some controversy over ethical issues.
in their plan, the synthetic human genome could be used to develop allogeneic organs that can be transplanted to humans and accelerate human research and development of vaccines and drugs for a variety of diseases.
according to Lin Xiongxuan, a research fellow in regenerative medicine at the Free University School of Medicine in Brussels, Belgium, regenerative medicine will be a hot topic in 2017: research to treat diabetes, turn patient body cells into induced cynic stem cells, and then grow insulin secretion cells to transplant into patients;
two research groups from the United States and britain, published in the 2016 issue of Nature and nature-cell biology, said they had increased the time for in-body development of human embryos to more than 10 days.
the two studies not only broke the previously elusible seven-day limit, but also pulled the once-out-of-reach "14-day rule" closer.
"14-day rule" for human embryo research, which has been around for more than 30 years, or faces revision.
Ari Blevinlu, director of the Embryology Laboratory at Rockefeller University in the United States, and Margarina Zenica-Geitz, a professor of science at Cambridge University in the United Kingdom, led their research team to conduct their own research showing that human embryos can divide and self-develop even in petri dishes.
changes experienced by embryos in petri dishes were not significantly different from embryos embryos developed in the mother.
of human embryonic development is an important way to understand the early development process of human beings and predict genetic diseases.
but it has been difficult for human embryos to develop in petri dishes for more than seven days.
in the new study, using a technique previously used to grow mouse embryos, the two teams allowed this time to reach 10 and 13 days, respectively, and reported events during human embryo development.
the findings highlight differences in cell type differentiation and tissue composition between mouse and human embryos.
, in accordance with internationally accepted guidelines, the experiment was terminated before the 14th day of embryo development.
"14-day rule" means that scientists can only experiment on embryos under 14 days.
the rule comes from the fact that human embryos 14 days ago have not yet differentiated their nerves and do not yet have human characteristics, so there are no ethical issues involved.
was first proposed by the then U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare's Ethics Advisory Committee in 1979 and has since been adopted by multiple regulators as an international norm.
same time in the journal Nature, the 14-day rule has been strictly adhered to in the past, in large part because previous technologies have struggled to break the 14-day limit.
, it seems entirely feasible to culture embryos in vitro for more than 14 days.
The research related to it is expected to advance human understanding of all aspects of its early development to unprecedented precision, and experts, policy makers, patients and the general public should be invited from a scientific point of view to participate in the re-evaluation of the rules and a clearer definition of the scope of application.
test the effectiveness of the Zika vaccine will be tested in 2017.
to date, almost every candidate Zika vaccine tested has provided complete protection for monkeys, and at least three of them have begun small-scale human trials to assess their safety and ability to stimulate an immune response.
the vaccines pass the tests, a clinical trial of their effectiveness will be conducted next year.
two concerns that could slow progress in vaccine development.
First, there is the theory that Zika virus antibodies may cross-react with the next of kin dengue virus, making people susceptible to highly deadly dengue fever, and second, the Zika outbreak is spreading very rapidly in Latin America, and many Latinos may be immune, which can mask the effectiveness of the vaccine.
The Human Microbiome Human Microbiome Program is an extension of the Human Genome Project, which focuses on the relationship between changes in the structure of the microbiome in the human body (table) and human health through genomics.
Scientists will be able to do more research into the molecular mechanisms of the human microbiome affecting human health in the new year, a "large collection" of viruses, bacteria and other microbes along with their genes;
autophagy is an important process for the evolutionary conservative turnover of in-cell matter in the ceuteral organisms.
some of the damaged proteins or cysts in this process are encased in autophagy bubbles of a double-layer membrane structure and sent into lysosomes (animals) or liquid bubbles (yeasts and plants) for degradation and recycling.
2016, the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to japanese scientist Otsuka for his contribution to the field of autophagy.
molecular regulatory mechanism of autophagy, especially mitochondrial autophagy, is currently the focus of extensive attention in mitochondrial and cell autophagy research.
autophagyassociatedgene (AUTOphagyassociatedgene, ATG) is another hot spot in current research.
the transformational relationship between autophagy, apoptosis and procedural necrosis is also a field in which more research progress has been made in recent years, all three are involved in the process of neuron death, which can be converted and restricted to each other.
in translational medicine, many drugs that regulate autophagy are used in clinical tumor treatment studies, such as "Blue-printautopagy" found in marine drugs.
However, there are still many questions to be clarified about the function and autophagy mechanism of autophagy-related genes, such as the origin of autophagy membrane, the identification of degraded substrates, and the fusion mechanism between autophagy and lysosomes.
2017, we look forward to seeing more breakthroughs in cell autophagy.
Noninvasive Gene Screening 2016, Professor Lu Yuming of Chinese University of Hong Kong was awarded the Citation Laureate Award for his pioneering contribution to non-invasive prenatal fetal genetic testing and became the first winner of the Future Science Award.
addition, The FamilyCODE, a pre-invasive gene screening product released on December 3rd by Mingmingkangde Group, can detect 135 high-risk, severe recessive genetic diseases in 135 Asian populations at once.
On October 27, 2016, the Commission issued an important document No. 45: "Notice on the standardized and orderly screening and diagnosis of free DNA of pregnant women's exoded blood fetuses", repealing the relevant provisions of the previous non-invasional prenatal screening and diagnosis pilot institutions, formally eliminating the pilot of non-invasion prenatal screening and diagnosis, with the aim of promoting the implementation of a comprehensive two-child policy to meet the needs of pregnant women for prenatal screening and diagnostic molecular genetic new technology services.
the east wind of the policy, this technology will usher in new opportunities in 2017.
EMO and healthcare are hot topics, artificial intelligence is undoubtedly one of the hottest topics this year, Microsoft, Google, Facebook, IBM and other technology giants are competing to lay out artificial intelligence, in addition to the apparent marketing gimmick, but also as its business competition.