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12.
2.
1 Nitrogen halides
Low nitrogen halide mainly N 2 F.
.
4 , N 2 F.
2 , N .
3 F.
.
Nitrogen mixed halides are very unstable, and it is difficult to obtain a pure state, such as NCIF 2 , NCI 2 F, NBrF 2 , NF 2 H and so on
1.
Chlorine trihalide
As early as 1811, Dulong (PL Dulong) produced the first nitrogen trihalide, NCl 3 , but unfortunately it exploded while studying its properties.
Dulong lost three fingers and one eye
.
The most stable nitrogen trihalide NF 3 was synthesized in 1928 (115 years apart)
Among the nitrogen trihalides, NF 3 (colorless gas) can be prepared by the reaction of ammonia and fluorine under the catalysis of Cu, NCI 3 (colorless liquid) can be prepared by electrolysis of acidic solution of NH 4 Cl, and NBr 3 (red-brown solid) can be used BrCl low-temperature bromination (Me 3 Si) 2NBr (Me=CH 3 ) preparation, and the most unstable NI3 has not yet obtained pure product
.
Among the trihalides of nitrogen, only the NF 3 standard heat generation is negative
.
Stable NF 3 does not hydrolyze, does not react with dilute acids and alkalis, and is a good fluorinating agent at high temperatures
NCl 3 +3H 2 O=NH 3 +3HCIO
HCIO resulting oxidation resistance, and therefore of NCl .
3 can be used in bleaching, sterilization and the like
2.
Other halides of nitrogen
N 2 F 4 (standard heat of formation is a positive value) is a colorless gas, and its stability is far inferior to NF 3
.
At 150°C, the dissociation reaction of N 2 F 4 can occur, which is similar to the dissociation reaction of N 2 O 4 , but the degree of dissociation is not as good as that of N 2 O 4
Interestingly, two kinds of colorless and blue solid N 2 F 4 can be obtained by adopting different cooling methods
.
N 2 F 2 is a colorless gas and has two configurations, cis and trans
.
The cis is more stable than the trans .
Trans N 2 F 2 has no polarity, and cis N 2 F 2 has polarity (u=0.
3.
Nitrogen oxyhalides
Nitrogen oxyhalides mainly include XNO and XNO 2 types, both of which are gaseous
.
XNO is the product of oxidation of NO by halogen X 2 and can be regarded as the product of the combination of NO + and X - , so it can be written as NOX
.
2NO+X 2 =2XNO
FNO is a colorless gas, CINO is an orange-yellow gas, and BrNO is a red gas
.
N adopts sp 2 hybridization, and the molecule is V-shaped
.
XNO is easily hydrolyzed, and the generated HNO 2 is further disproportionated and decomposed
.
XNO 2 has only FNO 2 and CINO 2 , both of which are colorless gases, and N adopts sp 2 hybridization
.
XNO 2 can be regarded as the product of the combination of NO 2 + and X - , so it can be written as NO 2 X, which can also be confirmed by the preparation reaction
.
FNO 2 is often used as a fluorinating agent, and XNO 2 is prone to hydrolysis and ammonolysis reactions
.
