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Hydrazine
Hydrazine, also known as "hydrazine", can be regarded as a product in which one H of NH 3 is replaced by -NH 2 (amino group)
.
NH 3 is oxidized by NaClO solution to obtain N 2 H 4
The polarity of the hydrazine molecule is relatively large (dipole distance u=1.
75D), say
.
It shows that it is a cis structure, as shown in Figure 12-2
Figure 12-2 The structure of hydrazine molecule
Hydrazine is a colorless liquid at room temperature, and its melting point (1.
54°C) and boiling point (113.
The oxidation number of N in hydrazine is -2, so it is both oxidizing and reducing
.
However, the reaction speed of hydrazine as an oxidant is very slow.
Therefore, hydrazine is only a strong reducing agent
Hydrazine reacts with oxygen, nitrogen dioxide , and hydrogen peroxide to generate N 2 and H 2 O and release a lot of heat
.
Hydrazine is not as stable as its salt and is often stored in the form of salt, such as N 2 H 4 ·H 2 SO 4 , N 2 H 4 ·2HCl and so on
.
12.
1.
4 Hydroxylamine
Hydroxylamine can be regarded as a derivative in which one H in NH 3 is replaced by an -OH group, and its structure is shown in Figure 12-3
.
Figure 12-3 Structure of hydroxylamine molecule
NH 2 OH is a white solid (melting point 32°C), which is unstable, but the salt is relatively stable, such as [NH 3 OH]CI and [NH 3 OH] 2 SO 4
.
The electron withdrawing ability of the -OH group in the molecule is stronger than that of the -NH 2 group.
Therefore, the basicity (Kb Θ =8.
7×10 -9 ) and coordination ability of hydroxylamine is weaker than that of hydrazine
.
Similar to hydrazine, the reaction speed of hydroxylamine as an oxidant is very slow, meaningless, but hydroxylamine is a good reducing agent in acidic or alkaline solutions
.
Related links: Ammonia preparation method
