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The explosion hazard of normal-valent halogen compounds mainly comes from their oxidizing properties.
(1) Oxygen acids and their salts: HXO, HXO 2 , HXO 3 , HXO 4 , the oxidation property comes from normal X (Cl, Br, I)
(2) N- halosuccinimide and N- haloacetamide: NXS and NXA, X is CI, Br, the I
(3) IBX: Its oxidizing property comes from high-valent iodine (+5 valence)
(4) R 3 COX: For example, tert-butyl hypochlorite, its normal halogen is oxidizing
(5) Interhalogen: the XY n- (n-= 1,3,5,7), in the heavy X-Y, from the positive valence oxidation X-
1.
Some normal valence halogen compounds are usually used in halogenation reaction, but they are also a kind of oxidant with explosion hazard
The explosive sensitivity of R 3 COX is equivalent to that of peroxy alcohol R 3 COOH.
Explosion accidents often occur with other types of normal halogen compounds
2.
(1) When storing, transporting, and sampling normal halogen compounds, they need to be low temperature, stable, and non-vibrating.
(2) Add the normal-valent halogen compound solution dropwise as much as possible at a higher temperature.
(3) The molar ratio of the normal-valent halogen compound does not need to be too large, and the excess normal-valent halogen compound in the reaction solution needs to be quenched thoroughly to ensure safety
Three, examples
example 1
Application process: Add 1,3-dialkylbutylurea (6.
Remarks: tert-butyl hypochlorite is very sensitive to heat.
After the reaction, the excess tert-butyl hypochlorite should be quenched thoroughly with an aqueous sodium bisulfite solution
.